不同施肥方式对黑土农田弹尾目群落结构的影响

Effects of different fertilization methods on the community structure of Collembola in black soil farmland

为探讨不同施肥方式对黑土农田弹尾目群落结构的影响,并推动黑土农田弹尾目多样性研究与黑土保护,于2012—2021年选取黑龙江省哈尔滨市黑土农田进行肥料长期定位试验,分别设置有机肥(OM)、半有机肥(OM+NPK)、无机肥(NPK)和无肥料(CK)4种不同处理,并对不同施肥处理下土壤弹尾目群落结构进行调查。结果表明,共获取弹尾目2045只,隶属于9科。不同施肥处理下弹尾目个体数量表现为OM+NPK(537头)>OM(536头)>CK(523头)>NPK(449头)。OM、OM+NPK处理土壤弹尾目的个体数和类群数明显增多,其中,等节跳科增幅最大,而NPK处理弹尾目个体数、类群数均有所减少,相对其他施肥处理等节跳科增幅最小;3种不同施肥处理与CK处理相比弹尾目的多样性指数和丰富度指数均有所降低,OM+NPK处理多样性指数最低。RDA分析显示,不同的环境因子主要影响弹尾目的优势类群和常见类群,其与土壤有机质含量和全钾含量呈显著相关关系。指示物种分析显示,驼跳科是OM+NPK处理的指示物种,疣跳科是NPK处理的指示物种,球角跳科、圆跳科和长角跳科是CK处理的指示物种。

In order to investigate the effects of different fertilization methods on the community structure of Collembola in black soil farmland,and promote the research on Collembola diversity and black soil protection in black soil farmland,a long-term fertilizer po⁃sitioning experiment was carried out in black soil farmland of Harbin City,Heilongjiang Province from 2012 to 2021.Four different fer⁃tilization treatments of organic fertilizer(OM),semi-organic fertilizer(OM+NPK),inorganic fertilizer(NPK)and no fertilizer(CK)were set up respectively,and the community structure of the order was investigated under different fertilization treatments.The results showed that a total of 2045 Collembola were obtained,belonging to 9 families.Under different fertilization treatments,the number of Collembola individuals was in the order of OM+NPK(537)>OM(536)>CK(523)>NPK(449).The number of individuals and groups of Collembola in the OM and OM+NPK treatment increased significantly,among which Isotomidae increased the most.However,the number of individuals and groups of Collembola decreased in the NPK treatment group,and the increase in Isotomidae was the small⁃est compared with the other fertilization treatments.Compared with the CK treatment,the diversity index and richness index of Collem⁃bola were decreased in the three different fertilization treatments,and the diversity index of the OM+NPK treatment was the lowest.Re⁃dundancy analysis(RDA)showed that different environmental factors mainly affected the dominant groups and common groups of Col⁃lembola,which were significantly correlated with soil organic matter content and total potassium content.The indicator species analy⁃sis showed that Cyphoderidae was the indicator species for OM+NPK treatment,Neanuridae was the indicator species for NPK treat⁃ment,Hypogastruridae,Sminthuridae and Entomobryidae were the indicator species for CK treatment.