云南葡萄产地土壤酸度分布特征及关键影响因素研究

Distribution characteristics and key influencing factors of soil acidity in grape producing areas in Yunnan province

为了解云南省葡萄产地的土壤pH值状况,研究葡萄产地不同区域土壤pH值的空间分布特征及关键影响因素,基于调查采样结合ArcGIS空间分析方法绘制云南省采样点和不同产地区域土壤pH值空间分布图,并分析了云南省主要葡萄产地区域(建水县、元谋县、宾川县、弥勒市)、不同种植模式(设施栽培、露地栽培)、不同种植年限(0~5、5~10、10~20、20年及以上)土壤pH值的分布特征。结果表明:(1)云南葡萄土壤pH值变化于4.29~8.30之间,强酸性土壤基本分布于弥勒市和元谋县2个地区,微碱性土壤区域主要分布在宾川县,而建水县的葡萄土壤主要呈现在微酸性和中性之间,4个主产区变异系数为元谋县>宾川县>弥勒市>建水县。(2)不同种植模式能明显影响葡萄产地土壤的pH值,如设施葡萄种植(包括大棚种植和半棚种植)土壤pH值较露地葡萄种植明显偏低。(3)土壤pH值随设施葡萄种植年限的增加呈下降的趋势。其中弥勒市葡萄产区土壤酸化情况比较严重,其地理气候条件(气候湿润多雨、土壤类型为红壤、黄壤及成土母质为砂页岩、花岗岩)、设施栽培时间较长以及长期大量施用酸性或生理酸性肥料等可能是导致土壤酸化的主要原因。总之,调查研究结果可为云南葡萄主产区酸化土壤的科学管理及分区改良提供理论基础。

In order to understand the soil pH value status of grape producing areas in Yunnan province,the spatial distribution characteristics and key influencing factors of soil pH value in different areas of grape producing areas were studied.Based on survey sampling and ArcGIS spatial analysis method,the spatial distribution map of soil pH at sampling points for different producing areas in Yunnan province was drew,and the distribution differences of soil pH values in the main grape producing areas(Jianshui county,Yuanmou county,Binchuan county and Mile city),different planting modes(protected cultivation,open field cultivation)and different planting years(0~5,5~10,10~20,20 years and above)were analyzed.The results showed that:①the pH value in grape soils of Yunnan province varied from 4.29 to 8.30.The strongly acidic soils were basically distributed in Maitreya city and Yuanmou county.The slightly alkaline soils were mainly distributed in Binchuan county,while the grape soils in Jianshui county were mainly between slightly acidic and neutral.The coefficient of variation of the four main production areas was Yuanmou county>Binchuan county>Mile city>Jianshui county.②Different planting patterns significantly affected the pH value change of soil in grape producing areas.For example,the pH value in soils for protected grape planting treatments(including greenhouse planting and semi-greenhouse planting)was significantly lower than that for open grape planting.③The soil pH values showed a downward trend with the increase of protected grape planting years.Among them,the soil acidification in Mile grape producing area was relatively serious.It suggested that geographical and climatic conditions(humid and rainy climate,soil types of,red soil and yellow soil and parent materials of sand shale and granite soil),long-term protected cultivation and large-scale application of acidic or physiological acidic fertilizers would be the main reasons for soil acidification.In conclusion,the investigation results can provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management and regional improvement of acidified soil in the main grape producing areas in Yunnan province.