不同栽培介质及氮素对菌根化甜玉米生长及品质的影响

Effects of different cultivation media and nitrogen on the growth and quality of mycorrhizal sweet corn

以接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的甜玉米为试验组(AM组),未接种AM真菌的甜玉米为对照组(CK组),设置不同氮源、不同介质培养进行苗期试验,设置不同氮磷肥配比进行田间试验,来探究促进AM真菌侵染甜玉米的培养介质和最佳氮源,以及提高甜玉米生长和品质的最佳氮磷肥配比。试验结果显示:相比土培苗,砂培苗侵染率、株高及叶绿素含量分别提高5.46%~31.14%、1.46%~10.87%及11.50%~56.03%(除硫酸铵);硝酸铵钙组的侵染率提高了4.39%~56.3%,显著高于硝酸钾(40.22%),与尿素(55.31%)、硫酸铵(60.22%)及有机肥(56.92%)无显著性差异,地上部和地下部鲜重均最高,总叶绿素含量提高了8.14%~89.80%(土培)和76.83%~163.64%(砂培);在田间试验中,14 g硝酸铵钙、1 g磷酸二氢钾、100 g有机肥的配比提高了菌根化甜玉米组总氮磷含量、可溶性糖含量、蛋白质含量以及氨基酸含量等指标。砂比土更有利于AM真菌侵染甜玉米根系,硝酸铵钙能够提高菌根化甜玉米在苗期的侵染率、生物量、叶绿素含量;14 g硝酸铵钙、1 g磷酸二氢钾、100 g有机肥能够促进和提高菌根化甜玉米的生长和品质。

The sweet corn inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM)fungi was used as the experimental group(AM group),and the sweet corn not inoculated with AM fungi was used as the control group(CK group).Different nitrogen sources and different media were used for seedling stage experiments.Field experiments were carried out with different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer ratios to explore the culture medium and the best nitrogen source to promote the colonization of sweet corn by AM fungi,as well as the best nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer ratio to improve the growth and quality of sweet corn.The experimental results showed that compared with soil cultured seedlings,the colonization rate,plant height and chlorophyll content of sand cultured seedlings were increased by 5.46%~31.14%,1.46%~10.87%and 11.50%~56.03%,respectively(except for ammonium sulfate).The colonization rate of calcium ammonium nitrate group increased by 4.39%~56.30%,which was significantly higher than that of potassium nitrate(40.22%),and had no significant difference with that of urea(55.31%),ammonium sulfate(60.22%)and organic fertilizer(56.92%);The fresh weight of the aboveground and underground parts was the highest,and the total chlorophyll content increased by 8.14%~89.80%(soil culture)and 76.83%~163.64%(sand culture).In the field experiment,the ratio of 14 g calcium ammonium nitrate,1 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 100 g organic fertilizer increased the total nitrogen and phosphorus content,soluble sugar content,protein content and amino acid content of the mycorrhizal sweet corn group.Sand was more favorable than soil for AM fungal colonization of sweet corn roots.Calcium ammonium nitrate can improve the colonization rate,biomass and chlorophyll content of mycorrhizal sweet corn at the seedling stage.14 g calcium ammonium nitrate,1 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 100 g organic fertilizer can promote the growth and quality of mycorrhizal sweet corn.