补氮方式对酿酒葡萄转色期生理调节及品质的影响

Effects of nitrogen supplement methods on physiological regulation and quality of wine grape during color changing period

氮肥在促进酿酒葡萄营养生长的同时还能有效调节其生殖生长,补氮时期和补氮方式对于协调葡萄营养生理和品质构成的关系尤为重要,尤其在葡萄品质形成最为关键的转色期进行氮素调控对浆果品质组分的影响最为显著。以8年生酿酒葡萄品种“赤霞珠”为研究对象,在葡萄转色期内以清水为对照,设置叶面喷施、滴灌补氮、喷滴结合和减量补氮4种补氮方式,研究补氮方式对葡萄生理、品质和酵母可同化氮的影响。结果表明:与喷施清水相比,4种补氮方式均能提高葡萄果实的果形指数;滴灌补氮能有效增加叶片叶面积、水分利用率和叶绿素b含量,其中水分利用率显著提高81.53%;葡萄浆果的单宁、花色苷和总酚提升效果在叶面喷施氮素时分别显著提高11.69%、99.19%、21.60%;减量补氮可以显著促进叶绿素的合成与积累,同时可溶性固形物显著增加16.15%;喷滴结合提升叶片净光合速率、类胡萝卜素和酵母可同化氮含量的效果最佳,分别显著增加35.15%、38.46%和53.04%,同时百粒重显著提高44.88%。综合评价发现,在贺兰山东麓葡萄酒产区通过叶面喷施和滴灌追施的补氮方式是调节酿酒葡萄生理、改善葡萄浆果品质的有效途径。

Nitrogen can not only promote the vegetative growth of wine grape,but also effectively regulate its reproductive growth.Nitrogen supplement period and nitrogen supplement methods are particularly important for coordinating the relationship between nutritional physiology and quality composition of grape,especially in the most critical color turning period of grape quality formation.Nitrogen regulation has the most significant effect on the composition of berries quality.Taking 8-year-old wine grape cultivar‘Cabernet Sauvignon’as the research object and water as the control,four nitrogen supplement methods including foliar spraying,drip irrigation,spray-drop combination and reduced nitrogen supplement were set up to study the effects of nitrogen supplement methods on grape physiology,quality and yeast assimilation nitrogen.The results showed that compared with spraying water,the four nitrogen supplement methods improved the fruit shape index of grapes.Drip irrigation nitrogen supplement effectively improved the leaf area,water use efficiency and chlorophyll b content,water use efficiency significantly increased by 81.53%.The tannins,anthocyanins and total phenols of grape berries significantly increased by 11.69%,99.19%and 21.60%with foliar spraying nitrogen.Reducing nitrogen supplement significantly promoted the synthesis and accumulation of chlorophyll,while soluble solids significantly increased by 16.15%.The combination of spraying and dripping had the best effect on improving net photosynthetic rate,carotenoid and assimilatable nitrogen content in leaves,which increased by 35.15%,38.46%and 53.04%,respectively,and 100-grain weight increased by 44.88%.Comprehensive evaluation showed that nitrogen supplement through foliar spraying and drip irrigation was an effective way to regulate grape physiology and improve grape berry quality in the eastern foot of Helan mountain.