不同叶面肥对‘京沧1号’枣生长和贮藏性的影响

Effects of different foliar fertilizer treatments on the growth and storability of Ziziphus jujube‘Jingcang1’

为筛选适用于‘京沧1号’枣的叶面肥种类,提高其采前品质及货架商品性,探究不同叶面肥处理对‘京沧1号’枣生长发育及果实采后货架品质的影响,测定不同叶面肥处理组‘京沧1号’枣叶片、果实生长情况及枣果货架期内品质的变化。结果表明:与对照组相比,喷施叶面肥处理的‘京沧1号’枣叶片横径和纵径分别提高7%~10%和5%~6%,果实横径和纵径分别提高3%~5%和10%~12%;各叶面肥处理组‘京沧1号’枣果实中可溶性固形物、维生素C等营养物质的积累增加且以果满田复合叶面肥处理效果最佳,较对照组分别提高12.8%和1.4%,并表现出显著性差异(P<0.05);同时,采前叶面肥处理有效延缓了‘京沧1号’枣货架期内果实品质的下降,但不同叶面肥处理组的结果存在一定差异,其中果满田复合叶面肥整体效果最优,至货架期末,该处理组‘京沧1号’枣果实硬度、含水量、可溶性固形物含量下降率分别为57.39%、7.14%、9.79%,显著低于对照组,可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C、总酚、类黄酮含量分别为34.11%、0.39%、1.08 mg/g、1.75 mg/g、2.07 mg/g、4.08mg/g,较对照组和其他叶面肥处理组好。研究结果可为‘京沧1号’枣栽培生长调控提供理论依据和科学参考。

In order to screen the kinds of foliar fertilizers suitable for Ziziphus jujube‘Jingcang1’and improve its pre harvest quality and shelf commercialization,the effects of different foliar fertilizer treatments on the growth and development of Ziziphus jujube‘Jingcang1 and the shelf quality of the fruit after harvest were explored,the leaf and fruit growth of fresh jujube in different foliar fertilizer treatments and the quality change of jujube fruit during shelf life were determined.The results showed that,compared with the control group,the leaf transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of Ziziphus jujube‘Jingcang1’were increased by 7%~10%and 5%~6%,respectively,and the fruit transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter were increased by 3%~5%and 10%~12%,respectively.The accumulation of total soluble solid,vitamin C and other nutrients in fruits of Ziziphus jujube‘Jingcang1’increased in all foliar fertilizer treatment groups,and the effect of“Guomantian”compound foliar fertilizer treatment was the best,which increased by 12.8%and 1.4%,respectively,compared with the control group(P<0.05).At the same time,pre-harvesting leaf fertilizer treatment effectively delayed the decline of fruit quality of Ziziphus jujube‘Jingcang1’during the shelf life,but there were certain differences in the results of different foliar fertilizer treatment groups,among which the overall effect of“Guomantian”compound foliar fertilizer was the best,until the end of the shelf life,The decrease rates of fruit hardness,water content and total soluble solid content in the treatment group were 57.39%,7.14%and 9.79%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the control group.The contents of soluble sugar,titratable acid,soluble protein,vitamin C,total phenol and flavonoid were 34.11%,0.39%,1.08 mg/g,1.75 mg/g,2.07 mg/g and 4.08 mg/g,respectively,which were better than those of control group and other foliar fertilizer groups.To provide theoretical basis and scientific reference for the cultivation and growth regulation of Ziziphus jujube‘Jingcang1’.