台风灾害卫生救援中药品保障和疫情防控规范化开展的思考与探讨

Thoughts and discussion on the standardization of drug security and epidemic prevention and control in medical rescue of typhoon disaster

目的 旨在为中国救援队(医疗)应对台风类灾害医学救援药品保障提供理论依据,为救援队在灾后疫情防控提供标准化流程。方法 检索中国知网、万方数据库等医学文献数据库,统计分析台风或热带气旋等灾害后各系统疾病发生率,汇总疾病谱;根据疾病类型占比,采用决策分析法,确定台风类灾害救援药品保障目录。结果台风后,外伤、呼吸系统疾病、神经系统疾病、皮肤科疾病和消化系统疾病为主要疾病类型,在通用药品模块的基础上增补台风灾害专科药品,涉及10个系统26种药物。基于中国救援队赴莫桑比克应急救援的实践经验和相关指南,构建灾后现场疫情防控标准化流程和消杀制剂推荐目录。结论 台风类灾害应急救援药品模块的建立与疫情防控规范化流程构建,提高了应对台风灾害的医学救援速率及能力,防止了台风后传染病的发生,为国内外应对台风类灾害应急救援提供参考和依据。

Objective To provide theoretical basis for medicine guarantee for China search and rescue to deal with typhoon-like disasters in medical rescue,and to provide standardized elimination process for rescue team in postdisaster epidemic prevention and control.Methods The incidence of diseases in various systems after typhoons or tropical cyclones was analyzed statistically by searching CNKI,WanFang database and other medical literature databases,and the disease spectrum was summarized.According to the proportion of disease types,the list of relief medicines for typhoon disasters was determined by decision analysis method.Results Post-typhoon trauma,respiratory system diseases,nervous system diseases,dermatological diseases and digestive system diseases were the main types of diseases.Special drugs for typhoon disaster were added on the basis of general drug module,involving 26 drugs in 10 systems.Based on the practical experience of Chinese rescue teams in Mozambique and relevant guidelines,standardized procedures for on-site epidemic prevention and control after disasters and recommended lists of disinfectant preparations were established.Conclusion The establishment of the emergency relief medicine directory for typhoon disasters and the establishment of the standardized epidemic prevention and control process have improved the rescue speed and ability of Chinese rescue team to deal with typhoon disasters,prevented the occurrence of infectious diseases after typhoon,and provided reference and basis for the emergency rescue of typhoon disasters at home and abroad.