基于NB-IoT网络的兔舍环境实时监测系统

Real-Time Monitoring System for Rabbit House Environment Based on NB-IoT Network

为满足兔舍环境监测调控需求,同时摆脱传统布线网络局限性,缩减网络资费、电路元件和控制系统成本,本研究提出一种基于窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things,NB-IoT)的兔舍环境实时监测系统。系统基于Arduino开发板,使用移远BC260Y模块与消息队列遥测传输协议(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport,MQTT)实现网络连接,利用SGP30、MQ137、5516光敏电阻传感器等多种传感器实现兔舍内部声、光、水、温、气五方面实时监测。数据在本地、云端存储的同时,系统可根据阈值报警,协助创造兔的最佳生存环境。研究中对比了NB-IoT网络与Wi-Fi、LoRa等其他网络的异同,根据物联网三层架构详细介绍了系统搭建技术与过程,并系统分析了元器件价格,经核算,整机成本不超过400元。设备在空舍测试中,检测到CO_(2)浓度为420~440 ppm;MQ系列传感模组电压比值稳定于1;温度处于22~24℃;湿度上下波动10%;日光灯亮灭引起电压差2.6 V。进行了系统的网络与能耗测试,通过不同时间、场地、网络连接方式的对比,验证了本系统传输稳定可靠,能耗合理。系统使用MQTT通信协议的NB-IoT网络,平均每秒消息处理量(Transactions Per Second,TPS)为0.57,每分钟收发34.2条,上下浮动1条。系统运行时,电压约为12.5 V,电流约为0.42 A,平均功率为5.3 W。发生通信时,没有产生额外功耗,适用于实际养殖生产。本研究可为偏远或较大规模的养殖监测设备选取提供设备成本与网络选择参考价值。

To meet the needs of environmental monitoring and regulation in rabbit houses,a real-time environmental monitoring system for rabbit houses was proposed based on narrow band Internet of Things(NB-IoT).The system overcomes the limitations of traditional wired networks,reduces network costs,circuit components,and expenses is low.An Arduino development board and the Quectel BC260Y-NB-IoT network module were used,along with the message queuing telemetry transport(MQTT)protocol for remote telemetry transmission,which enables network connectivity and communication with an IoT cloud platform.Multiple sensors,including SGP30,MQ137,and 5516 photoresistors,were integrated into the system to achieve real-time monitoring of various environmental parameters within the rabbit house,such as sound decibels,light intensity,humidity,temperature,and gas concentrations.The collected data was stored for further analysis and could be used to inform environmental regulation and monitoring in rabbit houses,both locally and in the cloud.Signal alerts based on circuit principles were triggered when thresholds were exceeded,creating an optimal living environment for the rabbits.The advantages of NB-IoT networks and other networks,such as Wi-Fi and LoRa were compared.The technology and process of building a system based on the three-layer architecture of the Internet of Things was introduced.The prices of circuit components were analyzed,and the total cost of the entire system was less than 400 RMB.The system underwent network and energy consumption tests,and the transmission stability,reliability,and energy consumption were reasonable and consistent across different time periods,locations,and network connection methods.An average of 0.57 transactions per second(TPS)was processed by the NB-IoT network using the MQTT communication protocol,and 34.2 messages per minute were sent and received with a fluctuation of 1 message.The monitored device was found to have an average voltage of approximately 12.5 V,a current of approximately 0.42 A,and an average power of 5.3 W after continuous monitoring using an electricity meter.No additional power consumption was observed during communication.The performance of various sensors was tested through a 24-hour indoor test,during which temperature and lighting conditions showed different variations corresponding to day and night cycles.The readings were stably and accurately captured by the environmental sensors,demonstrating their suitability for long-term monitoring purposes.This system is can provide equipment cost and network selection reference values for remote or large-scale livestock monitoring devices.