科技向善国外研究回顾与展望

Technology for Social Good:An International Literature Review and Research Prospects

科技向善强调科学技术在与社会的关联过程中形成对社会公益和公共价值的关注,反映智能时代科学技术与企业组织实现责任联结的有效方式,对指导新兴科技企业参与良好社会构建具有重要意义。采用文献计量和文献分析法对986篇外文文献进行梳理,剖析科技向善的内涵特征与实现过程,并基于2010—2020年文献明确当前和未来科技向善治理场景。研究发现:(1)科技向善在面向社会、科学技术现代性认识以及社会影响方面具有社会预见、社会能力和价值尺度内涵特征;(2)在过程层面,科学技术创新、科学技术采纳和可持续发展是科技向善实现因素,通过企业社会责任与个体伦理困境合作得以实现;(3)在当前和未来治理场景下,科技向善聚焦于技术治理、组织治理和可持续发展治理。

In the era of Industry 4.0 dominated by intelligent network,technological innovation mainly marked by machine learning and artificial intelligence provides better tools and solutions to solve social problems.The research and application of scientific and technological innovation in the field of social welfare has gradually attracted more and more attention,and thus formed the academic focus and research on how to construct and realize a good society by technology.Technology for social good emphasizes the attention to social welfare and public value in the process of association between science and technology and society.It also reflects the effective way of connecting science and technology and enterprise organizations in the age of intelligence to achieve responsibility.It is of great significance for emerging technology companies to participate in the construction of a good society.Drawing on bibliographic analysis methods,this study analyzes 986 foreign language documents to describe the connotation characteristics and process realization of science and technology for good,and by the key analysis of the literature from 2010 to 2020,it clarifies the current and future science and technology trends for good governance scenarios.Technology for social good also emphasizes how science and technology are applied to a good society and the formation and development of social goodness,which has three connotations:social goodness,science and technology and their relations.Its primary response is how science and technology can improve society or social welfare.As an abstract ideal in the real world,such values can outline the meaning and characteristics of a good society brought about by technology.First,technology for social good has the foresight to care for and shape a good society in the future.Second,it is a kind of social ability containing science,technology,innovation and society.Third,its criterion is value.The research of technology for social good focuses on two aspects.The first is to focus on enterprises'maintenance of social public value and public interest,including on enterprises,corporate social responsibility,behavior and normative model,etc.The other is to focus on social individuals'perception and response to technology for social good,with emphasis on health,attitude and perception.This paper further integrates and summarizes the factors,the construction and display of implementation process of technology for social good.It is concluded that the innovation of science and technology is the base of realization,the adoption and application of science and technology is the way of realization,and sustainable development is the goal of realization of technology for social good.Hence the realization of technology for social good needs to be realized from the social responsibility of the enterprise dimension and the ethical situation of the individual dimension,as well as the various cooperative action relations between the two.Further,under the background of modern governance,the application of science and technology in the scene of modern governance is an important practice of technology for social good.The modern governance scenario of technology for social good could be divided into three aspects:technological governance focusing on technological innovation and technology application,organizational governance focusing on organizational decision-making and innovation,and sustainable development governance focusing on climate challenges and environmental pollution.Given the practice of technology for social good in China,there are many realistic difficulties in the process of good science and technology,that is,technology bad for social good.Thus on the basis of the analysis of the realization elements and practice process of technology for social good,it is necessary to consider the realization possibility of technology for social good under the scenario of Chinese governance in the future.It is essential to strengthen the construction of the concept system of technology for social good and study the complex mechanism of the dynamic relationship between technology for social good and society.At the practical level,it is necessary to actively explore the realization factors and process of technology for social good under different action subjects,and strengthen the investigation and research of technology for social good in China's governance scenarios.