铜造锍熔炼过程重金属烟尘特性及结瘤控制技术进展

Characteristics of Heavy Metal Dusts in the Copper Matte Smelting Process and Progress in Accerations Control Technology

造锍熔炼作为火法炼铜的核心工序之一,其处理过程产生携带有大量含Cu、Pb、Zn、As等有害重金属烟尘及高SO_(2)浓度的高温烟气。工业上,受烟气系统各部位温度场和气氛改变的影响,烟尘性质会逐渐变化,并在重力和静电场作用下与烟气逐步分离。部分高温烟尘会粘附于上升烟道和余热锅炉内壁或换热管上,形成坚硬的结瘤物,造成锅炉换热效率降低、气流通道口截面减小等问题,增加了有害重金属烟尘的环境污染风险及连续化生产成本。因此,研究铜冶炼过程烟尘排放特性及粘结行为,开发新型烟尘结瘤控制技术成为行业关注的焦点。本文综述了不同铜冶炼工艺中烟气处理系统各个阶段的烟尘及结瘤物物性特征,归纳解析其成分、物相变化规律及结瘤形成机理,对比分析了工业上现有结瘤控制技术现状,并做出评述及提出相关建议。

As one of the core technologies for copper smelting,matte smelting produces high-temperature flue gas with high SO_(2)concentration during the smelting process,which carries a large amount of dusts containing Cu,Pb,Zn,As and other harmful heavy metals.In industry,with the change of temperature and atmosphere in different parts of the flue gas system,the properties of the flue gas will hange gradually,and it will be separated from the flue gas gradually under the action of gravity and static electric field.However,some dust adhesion at high temperatures to rise and waste heat boiler flue wall or on the heat exchange tube,forming solid accerations,result in the boiler in thermal efficiency is lower,the gas flow crossing section decreases and increasing the risk of a harmful dust pollution of heavy metals.Therefore,studying the characteristics of copper smelting and the bonding behavior,accerations development of control technology has become the focus of the industry.The paper intends to compare and analyze the dust and accerations substance physical characteristics in different stages of the flue gas treatment system in different copper smelting processes by sorting out existing research work,and conclude and analyze the laws of composition phase change and accerations substance formation mechanism.At the same time,the progress of accerations control technology in industry is compared and reviewed,and some suggestions are put forward.