2021年成都地区肺炎支原体感染流行病学分析

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Chengdu in 2021: An epidemiological study

目的 探讨分析2021年度成都地区肺炎支原体(MP)的流行特征及变化趋势,为临床提供参考依据。方法 选取四川省成都市2021年度由于呼吸道感染而进行MP抗体检测的患者10 012例,采用MP抗体被动凝集法进行检测,观察不同年龄阶段、不同季节以及不同性别下感染情况的差异。结果 呼吸道感染患者标本中,MP阳性患者3 084例,总阳性率为30.80%;从性别差异来看,男性患者阳性率(25.84%)低于女性(36.12%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=124.00,P<0.05);从年龄阶段区分,未成年MP阳性率为43.53%,高于成人(33.83%)和中老年人(14.03%),各年龄组间MP阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=790.13,P<0.05);0~18岁MP感染患者中呈现阳性率随年龄增长而升高的趋势,MP阳性率最高的是15~17岁青少年(61.61%),MP阳性率最低是<1岁组的婴儿(4.08%),各未成年年龄组MP阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=388.27,P<0.05);从不同季节比较,MP阳性率最高的季节是秋季(33.67%),夏季是阳性率最低的季节(27.01%),冬季和春季之间MP阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.16,P>0.05),其余组别间MP阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=28.23,P<0.05);从月份比较,11月是一整年中MP阳性率最高的月份(35.85%),最低是2月(21.79%)。结论 MP阳性率中女性大于男性;学龄前期、学龄期和青少年人群是MP易感人群。秋季和秋冬交替季,即9月至12月,MP感染高发。MP是引起2021年度成都市呼吸道感染的重要病原体之一,应针对MP感染的流行病学特征对易感人群采取有针对性的防治措施,加强健康卫生宣教工作的开展,以预防和控制疾病的发生。

Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics and changing trend of mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection in Chengdu in 2021,thus providing references for clinical practice.Methods A total of 10,012 patients in Chengdu,Sichuan Province with respiratory tract infection and examined with a passive agglutination assay for detecting MP antibodies(MP-Ab)in 2021 were recruited.The differences in MP infections of different age groups,male or female patients and at different seasons were observed.Results Totally 3084/10,012(30.80%)MP-positive samples were detected.Stratified by the sex,the positive rate of MP infection in male patients was significantly lower than that of females(25.84%vs 36.12%,χ2=124.00,P<0.05).The positive rate of MP in juveniles was significantly higher than that in adults and middle-aged and elderly people(43.53%vs 33.83%,14.03%,χ2=790.13,P<0.05).The positive rate of MP increased with aging in patients of 0-18 years.The highest and lowest positive rate of MP in minors were detected in those aged 15-17 years(61.61%)and infants younger than 1 year(4.08%),respectively.A significant difference in the positive rate of MP was detected in age groups of minors(χ2=388.27,P<0.05).Stratified by the season,the highest and lowest positive rate of MP were detected in autumn(33.67%)and summer(27.01%),respectively.No significant difference was detected in the positive rate of MP between winter and spring(χ2=1.16,P>0.05),which was significantly different between summer and autumn(χ2=28.23,P<0.05).November was the month with the highest positive rate of MP in the whole year(35.85%),and the lowest was February(21.79%).Conclusion The positive rate of MP in female is higher than that in male.Preschool children,school-age children and adolescents are susceptible populations of MP infection.In autumn and the alternating seasons of autumn and winter(i.e.,September to December),MP infection is highly prevalent.MP is one of the important pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in Chengdu in 2021.Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken for susceptible populations according to the epidemiological characteristics of MP infection.Meanwhile,health education should be strengthened to prevent and control the spread of MP infection.