婚姻状况对中国老年人口健康预期寿命的影响研究

A Study on the Effect of Marital Status on the Healthy Life Expectancy of the Chinese Elderly Population

本文基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)2002-2018年的数据,实证分析婚姻状态对老年人健康预期寿命的影响。基础回归结果显示:有配偶的老年人健康预期寿命比没有配偶的老年人要长,其健康预期寿命的比重也显著高于没有配偶的老年人;细分老年人的婚姻状态、进一步考虑老年人上一期的健康水平及婚姻状态后,丧偶老年人健康预期寿命最短;与家人一同居住、小学及以下受教育水平、高收入、没有医疗保险、患有慢性病、患重病的老年人健康预期寿命处于劣势地位。异质性分析结果显示,婚姻状态对女性、农村老年人的影响更大,农村女性老年人以及城镇男性老年人的健康预期寿命最短。机制检验结果表明,老年人个体的健康行为(吸烟、饮酒)、社会参与和及时医疗服务的可及性是婚姻影响其健康预期寿命的渠道变量。调节效应结果表明,婚姻对老年人健康预期寿命及占比的影响受其乐观态度的正向调节,受其孤独、焦虑以及自主性的负向调节。

Based on the data from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity in the 2002-2018,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of marital status on the healthy life expectancy of the elderly.The basic regression result shows that the healthy life expectancy of the elderly with a spouse is longer than that of those without a spouse.After controlling the previous period’s health level and marital status,the widowed elderly have the shortest healthy life expectancy.In the same time,the elderly,including those living with their families,lower educated,lower-income,without medical insurance,with chronic diseases,and having severe illnesses,are at a disadvantage against their healthy life expectancy.The heterogeneity analysis shows that marital status has a greater impact on the female elderly and the rural elderly,and the rural female elderly and the urban male elderly have the shortest healthy life expectancy.The mechanism analysis shows that individual health behaviors(smoking,drinking),social participation,and the availability of timely medical services are significant channel variables.The moderating effect analysis indicates that the influence of marriage on the healthy life expectancy of the elderly is positively regulated by their optimism attitude and negatively regulated by their loneliness,anxiety,and independence.