康德根本恶的逻辑论析

A Logical Analysis of Kant's Fundamental Evil

康德根本恶的逻辑首先是建立在他对Wille-Willkür(意志-任意)以及Gesinnung(意向)区分的前提下,揭示了它们同善与恶的关系,而后引出根本恶及其根源--恶的意念及其准则。这些恶的意念和准则导致意志的任意将恶的准则置于道德法则之上,从而招致了恶。但根本恶又是可以克服的,康德依据其道德信仰论,认为人具有一种不断超越自身有限性的能力,这种能力使人具有实现道德进步和完善的意愿,最后通过对仁慈上帝的爱和信赖,获得了上帝的喜悦,使人克服艰难险阻,实现人的道德目的。

Kant's logic of fundamental evil firstly reveals its relationship with good and evil under the premise of his distinction between Wille-Willkür(will-arbitrary)and Gesinnung(intention),and then leads to fundamental evil and its roots—evil ideas and their principles.These evil ideas and norms lead to the arbitrary will to place the norms of evil above the laws of morality,thus incurring evil.However,the fundamental evil can be overcome.According to Kant?s theory of moral beliefs,people have the ability to constantly transcend their own finiteness.This ability makes people have the will to achieve moral progress and perfection,and finally through the benevolent God,the trust and joy of love enable people to overcome difficulties and obstacles and realize their moral goals.