BBNJ国际协定谈判中的主要争议点及各方立场评析

The Key Disputes and Positions of the Parties in BBNJ Treaty Negotiations

BBNJ国际协定谈判耗时悠久,历经6次政府间会议,已于2023年3月达成一致。尽管目前各方在多数条款上已经协商一致,但仍在少数问题上存在较大争议。各方在谈判中形成了不同的利益集团,美国等发达国家希望维持技术和经济优势,欧盟及其成员国试图推行环境保护与先进经验,以及非洲集团等多数发展中国家强调公平性与特殊需求表达。不同的立场带来新旧机制协调困难、标准不统一、适用规则冲突、各议题谈判进展不平衡等方面的挑战,导致达成有效协定受阻。一方面,核心利益差距仍需时间弥合;另一方面,共识有望随进一步的协商而逐渐增多。对此,需要积极参与BBNJ国际事务与合理发声,寻找BBNJ议题盟友,开展后续履约问题的预案研究。

The BBNJ negotiations have taken a long time to conclude through six inter-governmental conferences,and reached an agreement in March,2023.At present,the negotiating parties have reached consensus on the vast majority of the provisions.However,there are still some controversies on a few key issues.The parties in negotiations have formed different interest groups,in which developed countries such as the US want to maintain their technological and economic advantages,the EU and its member states attempt to promote environmental protection and its advanced experience,and delegates from developing countries from Africa stress fairness and the expression of their special rights.Different positions have brought about difficulties in coordinating the old and new mechanisms,inconsistent standards,conflicting rules of application,and uneven progress in negotiations,which have hindered the achievement of final consensus.On the one hand,the gap in core interests still needs time to be bridged,and on the other hand,consensus is expected to further increase as negotiations progress.Therefore,it is necessary to actively participate in the BBNJ negotiations and speak out reasonably,find allies in the negotiations,and carry out preliminary research on follow-up compliance with their agreement.