中国古代戏曲中的“郎心似铁”现象及其医学阐释——以泉州传统戏曲中的相关内容为例

The Phenomenon of"My Lover's Heart is Like Iron"in Ancient Chinese Opera and Its Medical Interpretation——Taking the Relevant Content in Quanzhou Traditional Opera as an Example

“郎心似铁”原义指情郎薄情寡义。在泉州传统戏曲中,对“郎心似铁”的使用具有主语范围扩大、以本义再造词句、核心表义字增加等特征。“郎心似铁”现象是形象的比喻修辞,本体与喻体间的相同处在我国传统医学理论中可得印证。戏曲中与“郎心似铁”现象相关的角色大多有异常或极端的行为,此为情志过度的表现。我国传统医学认为情志过度易于致病,以情动情是治疗情志疾病的主要且有效方式。通过统计发现,与“郎心似铁”现象相关的泉州传统戏曲均创设有皆大欢喜的结局。此类结局的作用,与我国传统医学以情动情的情志病治疗效果有异曲同工之妙。但戏曲以情动情的治疗效果并非作用于戏中角色,而是作用于文本之外的两个群体:一是依托戏曲角色抒发自我情感的创作者,二是依托作品情节代入自我情志的接受者。此或可视作探讨文学具有治疗作用的一个切入点。

The original meaning of"My lover's heart is like iron"means that a lover is unfaithful and heartless.In Quanzhou traditional opera,the use of"My lover's heart is like iron"has the characteristics of expanding the scope of the subject,reconstructing words and sentences with the original meaning,and increasing the number of core words.The phenomenon of"My lover's heart is like iron"is a vivid figure of speech,and the similarities between the tenor and the vehicle can be confirmed in our traditional medical theory.The characters in the operas related to the phenomenon of"My lover's heart is like iron"have abnormal or extreme behaviors,which shows their excessive emotions.Chinese traditional medicine believes that excessive emotion is easy to cause diseases,and moving with affection is a main and effective way to treat emotional diseases.Based on statistics,it is found that Quanzhou traditional operas related to the phenomenon of"My lover's heart is like iron"have a happy ending.The effect of such happy ending is similar to that of traditional Chinese medicine in treating emotional diseases.However,the therapeutic effect of drama on emotion is not on the roles in the play,but on two groups outside the text:one is the playwrights who express their emotions by relying on the roles in the opera,and the other is the readers who substitute their emotions by relying on the plot of the works.This may be regarded as a way to explore the therapeutic effect of literature.