小浪底水库运用对黄河山东段水文情势影响的分析

Influence of Xiaolangdi Reservoir on hydrology in Shandong reach of Yellow River

根据1980—2020年高村、利津水文站实测水文资料,对小浪底水库运用前后山东河段的水沙变化规律进行分析,其运用改善黄河山东段水量年际不平衡状况,改变水量的年内分配过程和洪峰峰型,遏制河道断流,减少进入下游的泥沙,缩短高含沙洪水的持续天数,减少凌汛灾害,对于黄河下游的防洪防凌、河道冲刷减淤、河流及湿地生态环境的维持具有重要作用。

According to the measured hydrological data of Gaocun and Lijin hydrological stations from 1980 to 2020,the variation law of water and sediment in the Shandong reaches before and after the operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir is analyzed,and the application of Xiaolangdi Reservoir has improved the inter-annual imbalance of water volume in the Shandong reaches of the Yellow River and changed the annual distribution process of water volume has been changed,the peak shape of flood peaks has been changed,the flow of rivers has been curbed,the sediment entering the lower reaches has been reduced,the duration of high-sediment floods has been shortened,and ice flood disasters have been reduced.Xiaolangdi Reservoir has play an important role of flood protection,ice flood protection,erosion and silt reduction of river channels and the maintenance of river and wetland ecological environment.