菜市场光环境对农产品颜色感知的影响

The Impact of Luminous Environment in Food Markets on Color Perception of Agricultural Products

光环境作为菜市场物理环境的重要部分,对农产品的颜色呈现具有较大影响,决定了购买者对农产品的品质评价。当前,针对LED光源相关色温对农产品颜色感知的影响研究较少,存在着不同类型农产品外观展示的适用光源无法明确的问题。为了探究中国人对菜市场展示光源的视觉偏好,改善菜市场照明环境质量,提高购买者的体验感和满意度,本研究基于菜市场光环境现状调研结果,以蔬菜、水果和鲜肉三类典型农产品为观察样本,选择不同相关色温的LED(2500 K、3000 K、4000 K、5000 K、6500 K)作为测试光源,通过心理物理实验,从人因工学角度探讨LED光源相关色温对农产品颜色感知的影响。研究表明:当测试光源相关色温增加,农产品更加接近标准光源下的颜色,显色指数不能很好地反映光源的颜色还原性;不同类型的农产品在色彩偏好度上具有差异,水果的偏好度在相关色温4000~5000 K时最高,蔬菜类的偏好度在相关色温5000~6500 K时最高;测试光源下,人们对鲜肉的色彩偏好度总体低于水果和蔬菜。本研究探讨了菜市场光源相关色温对农产品颜色感知的影响,为中国人色彩感知研究和LED光源在菜市场中科学合理的应用提供参考与依据。

The light environment is an important part of the indoor physical environment of wet markets,especially the display light source have a large impact on the color rendering of agricultural products,it determines the quality judgment of the purchasers.Therefore,quantitative evaluation of color rendering of light source is an important aspect to study light environment of wet markets.In recent years,relevant scholars have discussed the color rendering of LED light sources and the evaluation of LED lighting for Chinese human eye vision,and have made efforts to improve the color rendering of LED light sources.However,there are few studies on the influence of LED light source correlated color temperature(CCT)on color perception of agricultural products,and there is the problem that the characteristics of light sources suitable for the appearance of different types of agricultural products on display cannot be clarified.This study takes wet markets light environment as the research object,combines the field research studies and psychophysical experiments,explores the visual preferences of Chinese people for wet markets display light sources,in order to improve the quality of wet market lighting environment and enhance the experience and satisfaction of consumers.This study consists of two parts:the first part is to investigate the current situation of the light environment in the wet market,focusing on the study of the light environment of vegetables,fruits and fresh meat stores and comparing their differences.The research content mainly includes the lighting mode,light source type,light source correlated color temperature(CCT),general color development index and subjective evaluation of the light environment in the store space of the wet market.The results show that:different kinds of stores have great differences in light source correlated color temperature(CCT),and the subjective satisfaction of consumers is low.Due to the complex environment of the wet market and the differences between customers,it is impossible to quantitatively analyze the relations between lighting parameters and subjective evaluation.Therefore,further psychophysical experiments are needed to quantitatively analyze the relations between illumination parameters and subjective evaluation.The second part is based on the investigation results of the current light environment of the wet market.Three typical agricultural products,vegetables,fruits and fresh meat,are used as observation samples,which are subdivided into seven groups according to color(green vegetable group,white vegetable group,multicolor vegetable group,red fruit group,yellow fruit group,multi-color fruit group and fresh meat group).The blue LED source that excites a yellow phosphor to produce white light is selected as the test light source,and five lighting conditions with different correlated color temperature(CCT)(2500 K,3000 K,4000 K,5000 K and 6500 K)is set,they covers the correlated color temperature(CCT)of most light sources in the wet market.In each group,subjects is asked to answer three subjective evaluation questions,and 35 kinds of lighting scenes(five test light sources×seven types of agricultural products)is evaluated.A total of 112 evaluation results is collected.Through the multi-factor analysis of variance of evaluation data,the analysis of three kinds of subjective evaluation results:color difference,suitability and color preference,the correlation analysis between subjective evaluation results,and the gender difference analysis.This study explores the impact of correlated color temperature(CCT)on observers color perception of agricultural products,provides original data for the application of LED in wet markets.The results show that:1)when the color temperature of the test light source increases,the color of agricultural products is closer to that of the standard light source,and the color rendering index cannot reflect the color reductibility of the light source well.2)The color preference of different types of agricultural products is different.The preference of fruits is the highest at the correlated color temperature(CCT)of 4000~5000 K,the preference of vegetables is the highest at the correlated color temperature(CCT)of 5000~6500 K,and the preference of fresh meat is special,showing better preference under the low correlation color temperature LED light source.3)Under tested light sources,people’s color preference for fresh meat is generally lower than that for fruits and vegetables.4)Multi-color vegetables are more influenced by green,while multi-color fruits are more influenced by red.5)Women have higher requirements for the lighting environment in the wet market.This study investigates the effect of LED light source correlated color temperature(CCT)on the color perception of agricultural products from the perspective of human engineering.This study provides a reference and basis for the study of Chinese color perception and the scientific and rational application of LED light sources in wet markets.