不同施肥方式对日光温室番茄产量、品质及肥料利用率的影响

Effects of Different Methods of Fertilizer Application on Yield,Quality and Fertilizer Utilization Rate of Tomatoes in Greenhouse

为准确掌握陇东地区日光温室不同肥料种类、施用量、施肥方法的肥料利用状况,开展了日光温室不施肥(CK)、不施氮肥、不施磷肥、不施钾肥、配方施肥、新型肥料(水溶肥)、水肥一体化和肥料减量小区对比试验,对不同处理番茄生长发育、抗病性、产量、品质及土壤、果实和茎叶养分含量进行分析。结果表明:配方施肥处理的番茄开花期提前了3d,采收期延长了10d,长势旺盛,单果质量较大且品质较优,667m^(2)产量为7972.8kg,位列第2,较CK增产83.28%,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥利用率分别为37.38%、26.21%、61.99%。水肥一体化处理的番茄开花期提前了2d,采收期延长了8d,长势较好,单果质量最大且品质较优,667m^(2)产量最高,为8108.9kg,较CK增产86.41%,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥利用率分别为46.85%、27.69%、65.70%。配方施肥及水肥一体化均能有效改善日光温室土壤养分状况,提高番茄产量、品质和肥料利用率,实现化肥减量增效的目的。

In order to accurately grasp the fertilizer utilization situation of different fertilizer types,application amount and fertilization methods in greenhouse in eastern Gansu province,a comparison experiment of no fertilizer(CK),no nitrogen fertilizer,no phosphorus fertilizer,no potassium fertilizer,formula fertilization,new fertilizer(water-soluble fertilizer),integration of water and fertilizer and fertilizer reduction in greenhouse was carried out.The growth and development,disease resistance,yield,quality of tomatoes,and nutrient contents in fruits,stems,leaves and soil were analyzed.The results showed that the blooming date of tomato in the formula fertilization treatment was advanced by 3 d,the harvest period was extended by 10 d,the growth was vigorous,the single fruit was larger with better quality,the yield was 7972.8 kg per 667 m^(2),ranking the second of all treatments,and increased by 83.28%compared with CK.The utilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 37.38%,26.21%and 61.99%,respectively.Under the integration of water and fertilizer treatment,the flowering date of tomato was advanced by 2 d,the harvest period was extended by 8 d,the growth vigor was better,the single fruit weight was the highest and the quality was better,the yield was the highest,which was 8108.9 kg per 667 m^(2),increased by 86.41%compared with CK.The utilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 46.85%,27.69%and 65.70%,respectively.Formula fertilization and the integration of water and fertilizer could effectively improve soil nutrient status in greenhouse,and improve tomato yield,quality and fertilizer utilization rate,and achieve the purpose of reducing fertilizer amount and increasing efficiency.