关联思维的内涵与形成路径研究

Research on Connotation and Formation Path of Correlative Thinking

为分析影响关联思维形成的核心要素,以便引导学生构建关联思维,促进认知发生,文章对关联思维的内涵、关联思维之于高阶思维的价值及基本结构等进行学理分析。研究认为,具备关联思维,意味着能够将所学与认知结构中已有的知识与现实生活世界建立关联,在解决现实生活世界真实问题的过程中,实现认知结构的持续优化。关联思维是高阶思维的核心内容,也是高阶思维的重要发展基础,要理解关联思维进而通过教学培养关联思维,需要把握关联结构。关联结构包括关联范围与关联路径。关联范围体现为对学习与生活的双向关联,关联路径则凸显形式关联与实质关联的共构关联。具体实践中,关联路径的变化又可能有不同的表现:根据关联状态的变化,关联路径体现为从内容关联到逻辑关联;根据关联的抽象程度,体现为具体关联到抽象关联;根据关联的紧密程度,则表现为弱关联到强关联。关联范围与关联路径决定了关联深度,三者共同刻画了关联思维。

To analyze the core elements that influence the formation of correlative thinking and guide students to construct correlative thinking and promote cognitive occurrence,this paper analyzes the connotation of correlative thinking,the value of correlative thinking for higher-order thinking,and its basic structure.The research holds that to have correlative thinking means being able to relate what have learned to the existing knowledge in the cognitive structure and to the real world,so as to achieve continuous optimization of the cognitive structure in the process of solving real problems in the real world.Correlative thinking is the core of higher-order thinking and an important basis for its development.To understand and develop correlative thinking through teaching,it is necessary to grasp the correlative structure.The correlative structure includes the correlative scope and correlative path.The correlative scope is the two-way correlation between learning and life,while the correlative path highlights the co-construction of formal and substantive correlation.In practice,the correlative path may vary from content correlation to logic correlation according to the state of correlation,from concrete correlation to abstract correlation according to the degree of abstraction of correlation,and from weak correlation to strong correlation according to the degree of closeness of the correlation.The correlative range and correlative path determine the correlation depth,and the three together portray the correlative thinking.