双季稻田智能灌溉系统应用效果初探

Application Effect of Intelligent Irrigation System in Double-Cropping Rice Field

为了明确双季稻田智能灌溉系统的应用效果,于2017—2020年连续4年8季在江西双季稻田开展了智能灌溉系统灌溉和常规有水层灌溉的对比试验,比较分析不同灌溉方式对双季稻产量、品质、水分利用和环境的影响。结果表明:双季稻田智能灌溉系统能根据土壤墒情和天气变量结合双季稻需水规律制定的灌溉规则进行精准灌溉,与常规灌溉相比,智能灌溉系统提高了双季稻产量6.4%~14.3%;并小幅改善了稻米品质,尤其是外观品质,减少了垩白粒率和垩白度;同时还能降低灌水量14.1%~90.8%,降低排水量56.1%~100%,提高水分利用效率0.07~0.59 kg/m^(3),减少径流水中总氮排放47.3%~100%,减少径流水中总磷排放44.5%~100%。综合分析,双季稻田智能灌溉系统值得在南方双季稻区推广应用。

In order to clarify the application effect of the intelligent irrigation system in double-cropping rice field,a comparison experiment between intelligent irrigation system and conventional irrigation with water layer in the double-cropping rice field was carried out in Jiangxi province for 4 consecutive years and 8 rice seasons from 2017 to 2020,and the influences of different irrigation methods on the rice yield and quality,water use efficiency and environment of double-cropping rice were compared and analyzed.The results showed that,compared with conventional irrigation,the intelligent irrigation system of double-cropping rice field could carry out precise irrigation according to the irrigation rules formulated by soil moisture and weather variables combined with the water requirement law of double-cropping rice,which increased the yield of double-cropping rice by 6.4%-14.3%,slightly improved the quality of rice,especially the appearance quality,and reduced the chalkiness rate and degree of chalkiness significantly in some years.At the same time,the irrigation water and drainage can be significantly reduced,the irrigation water reduction rate is 14.1%-90.8%,the water reduction rate is 56.1%-100%,the water use efficiency can be improved by 0.07-0.59 kg/m^(3),the total nitrogen emission in runoff water can be reduced by 47.3%-100%,the total phosphorus emission in runoff water can be reduced by 44.5%-100%.It is worth popularizing and applying in double cropping rice area in south China.