乳肉兼用牛临床常发高害疾病发生情况基线调查与应对

Baseline surveys and countermeasures on the incidence of clinically common and high-risk diseases in dairy and meat cattle

[目的]为了掌握师市规模牛场乳肉兼用牛(以下简称乳肉牛)临床常发高害疾病病种及发病情况,针对疾病制定防控措施。[方法]通过对既往发病史咨询、现场常发高害疾病临床调研和实验室检测等方法综合进行流行病学调查,并详细记录有关数据与分析。[结果]乳肉牛临床常发高害疾病有犊牛腹泻、犊牛支气管肺炎、蹄病、乳房炎、酮病和产科病(子宫内膜炎、胎衣不下、卵巢疾患)等;其中:犊牛腹泻和犊牛支气管肺炎发生于犊牛,蹄病、乳房炎、酮病和产科病发生于成母牛。泌乳牛酮病发病率最高,为3.71%;其次是犊牛腹泻,发病率为3.33%;产科病发病率最低,为0.95%。[结论]牛群营养、养殖场所处地理环境、气候和工作人员对牛群管理及疾病防治的能力会影响肉乳牛的发病率。

[Objectives]To grasp the ineidence of clinically common and high-risk diseases and the high-risk diseases in dairy and meat cattle(hereinafter referred to as dual-purpose cattle)in the XPCC's city-scale cattle farm,and to formulate prevention and control measures for the diseases.[Methods]Epi-demiological investigations were conducted through comprehensive methods including consultation on past medical history,on--site clinical studies on frequently occurring high-risk diseases,laboratory testing.The relevant data and analysis were recorded in detail.[Results]The dual-purpose cattle often had high-risk diseases including calf diarrhea,bronchial pneumonia,hoof disease,mastitis,ketosis and obstetric diseases(endometritis,retention of afterbirth,ovarian disease),etc.Among them,calf diarrhoea and bronchial pneumonia in calves occurred in calves,and hoof disease,mastitis,ketosis and obstetric dis-eases occurred in adult cows.The incidence rate of ketosis in lactating cows was the highest,with an incidence rate of 3.71%.The next was calf diarrhea,with the incidence rate of 3.33%.The incidence rate of obstetric diseases was the lowest,with the incidence rate of 0.95%、[Conclusions]Cattle nutri-tion,site location,climate and staff's ability to manage cattle and disease control affect the morbidity of beef dairy cattle.