《坛经》体用不二思想研究——以《坛经》前后文字矛盾为中心

Study on the Thought of“Non-dual of Essence and Function”in Platform Sutra--Taking the Contradiction of Platform Sutra as the Starting Point

《坛经》中的“体用不二”主要指真如体性与缘起事用之间的不一不异,并灵活体现在《坛经》看似前后矛盾的文字表述之中。《坛经》从所证真如之体上说不落阶级,从能证正智之用上则有差别可言,故不落阶级而阶级次第宛然;从无实体修之体上说修行不可作佛,从有缘修之用的角度则说依法修行,故无修而修;从理佛性之体上说佛性是非断非常之真常,从事佛性之用上说佛性是可断可增之真无常,故佛性真常即真无常。《坛经》的体用不二是一种辩证、立体的逻辑,在一定程度上超越了形式逻辑中非此即彼的思维模式,对今天的逻辑学仍有十分重要的启示意义。

The“Non-dual of essence and function”in Platform Sutra mainly refers to bhedābheda between tathatāand samskrta-dharmāh,which is flexibly reflected in the seemingly contradictory words in Platform Sutra.First of all,Platform Sutra believes that there is no difference in the order of practice from the perspective of tathatā,but there is a difference from the perspective of wisdom.Secondly,Platform Sutra believes that practice cannot be Buddha from the perspective of objectified practice,and that practice is required from the perspective of non-objectified practice.Thirdly,Platform Sutra believes that Buddha nature is true constant from the perspective of tathatā,and that Buddha nature is true impermanent from the perspective of samskrta-dharmāh.