改造“二流子”话语的再解读——以延安鲁艺文艺精神为中心

Re-interpretation of the Discourse of Transforming“the Idlers”--Centered on the Literary and Artistic Spirit of Yan’an Lu Xun Art School

改造“二流子”话语以秧歌戏的形式表达出来,实则是延安时期党的文艺在为工农兵服务过程中对传统文学形式的借鉴与成功转化。成功改造“二流子”作为八十年前延安时期中国共产党组织全社会、管理社会的重要成果,在抗日战争的大背景下,除了保障根据地民众的生产生活、形成良好的社会风气与道德风尚之外,实则为中国共产党在新中国成立后管理全社会提供了一次成功的管理经验。延安文艺中的秧歌剧、小说创作则以现实主义为指归,积极呼应中国共产党的社会治理实践,对这一历史壮举做出合乎历史,又关注世情与风情的写法,给后来的革命现实主义文学提供了较为优化的思路。改造“二流子”是包括延安秧歌剧在内的延安文艺的重大题材之一。改造以好吃懒做、带黑恶流氓性质、影响边区生产生活稳定为特征的“二流子”是抗战时期中国共产党乡村治理及政权建设的需要。改造“二流子”部分解决了边区政府的劳动力相对不足,有助于改善彼时广大乡村的社会风气和道德风尚,成为延安整风运动的有机组成。在具体改造过程中,改造“二流子”带有翻身与“翻心”的双重性,翻身相对简单,“翻心”更具难度。改造“二流子”运动再现了延安时期以来中国共产党通过文艺治理,规范社会主义精神文明的强大能力与俗雅音乐文化相结合的胜利,成为中国共产党社会主义精神文明治理的历史壮举。

Transforming“the Idlers”is one of the most significant subject matter in Yan’an Lu Xun Art School.It is the need of the CPC to transform“the idlers”who was glutunous and lazy,flirting with women,involving in gangland crimes,impacting the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Area’s social stability in village governance and state power construction during the period of the war against Japanese invasion.Transforming“the idlers”became the organic part of the Yanan Rectification Movement by partially solved the problem of labor force shortage,which contributed to improving the social atmosphere and morality in the broad rural area,and objectively represented the interaction with Yan’an Rectification Movement.The reforming is a dual process:reforming the body and reforming the mind,with the former relatively easy while the latter hard.The movement of reforming“the idlers”showed the strong capabilities of CPC in social governance,which became a triumph of political power of Chinese people,as well as a magnificent feat in CPC’s social governance.