北京大兴国际机场排放及其环境影响与预测

Emission and environmental impact of Beijing Daxing International Airport

本研究结合北京大兴国际机场(PKX)运营后一年间的实际航班飞行数据,参考国际民航组织(ICAO)最新发布的飞机发动机排放数据库(EEDB),建立了大兴机场飞机起飞着陆循环(LTO)大气污染物排放清单,将排放清单分为试运营、新冠疫情和常态化3个阶段,利用ADMSAirport模型模拟评估了不同阶段机场排放大气污染物对周边地区的空气质量影响.最后,创新性地提出一种基于航班活动水平和气象要素的预测方法,预测了中长期规划下,机场对未来的大气环境影响.结果表明,研究期间内北京大兴国际机场LTO循环CO、NO_(x)、HC、SO_(2)和PM的排放量分别为389.55、574.37、31.21、45.22和4.85 t,其中NO_(x)和CO是主要排放污染物,分别占总排放污染物的54.9%和37.3%.CO和HC排放主要分布于滑行阶段,分别占该污染物总排放量的93.4%和94.1%,而NO_(x)排放主要集中在起飞和爬升阶段,约占其排放总量的63.7%.在该机场起降所有机型中,B738排放污染物总量最高,A332/333单位LTO循环排放的PM最高.空气质量模拟结果显示,受主导风向(西南风)影响,常态化阶段机场排放大气污染物对最近邻环境空气质量站点的月均浓度贡献最大,CO、NO_(x)、HC、SO_(2)和PM的均值浓度贡献分别为1.43、1.30、0.11、0.12、0.01μg·m^(-3).预测结果显示,2030年机场排放污染物对最近邻站点的CO年均浓度贡献为2.24μg·m^(-3),NO_(x)为3.21μg·m^(-3),HC为0.17μg·m^(-3),SO_(2)为0.25μg·m^(-3),PM为0.03μg·m^(-3),该结果可以为今后机场环境空气质量的管理提供科学依据.

This study established the first air pollutant emission inventory for the take-off and landing(LTO)cycle of Beijing Daxing International Airport,based on the actual flight data and the latest Aircraft Engine Emissions Database(EEDB)released by the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO).Three periods including trial operation,COVID-19 outbreak and normalization were considered and the ADMS-Airport model was utilized to simulate the air quality impact.An innovative prediction method combining flight activity and meteorological parameters is developed to estimate the impact of airport emission on the future atmospheric environment under the medium-and long-term plan.The results showed that CO,NO_(x),HC,SO_(2)and PM emissions in the LTO cycle during the study period were 389.55,574.37,31.21,45.22 and 4.85 t,respectively.NO_(x)and CO were the primary pollutants,accounting for 54.9%and 37.3%of the total pollutants.CO and HC emissions were mainly emitted in the taxiing stage,accounting for 93.4%and 94.1%.The NO_(x)emission primarily occurred in the take-off and climb stages,accounting for about 63.7%.Among all the aircrafts taking off and landing at the airport,the B738 emitted the highest total amount of all the pollutants,whereas the A332/333 showed the highest PM emission per unit LTO cycle.The air quality simulation results showed that the largest monthly contribution of air pollutants to the nearest air quality station was in the normalization period,and the mean contributions of CO,NO_(x),HC,SO_(2)and PM were 1.43,1.30,0.11,0.12 and 0.01μg·m^(-3),respectively.The predicted annual contribution of airport emission to the nearest station in 2030 could reach to 2.24μg·m^(-3) for CO,3.21μg·m^(-3) for NO_(x),0.17μg·m^(-3) for HC,0.25μg·m^(-3) for SO_(2),and 0.03μg·m^(-3) for PM,respectively.This study could provide reliable data and scientific basis for the future management of airport air quality control.