胶质母细胞瘤外泌体的作用机制研究进展

The action mechanism of glioblastoma cell-derived exosome:a review

胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma,GBM)因组织学异质性、侵袭能力强、术后复发快等问题,致使患者经手术治疗、化疗和放疗后的预后差,总体生存期短。GBM细胞来源外泌体(GBM cell-derived exosome,GBM-exo)能够通过其携带的细胞因子、miRNA、DNA和蛋白质等调节GBM细胞的增殖和迁移,通过血管生成蛋白和非编码RNA促进肿瘤血管生成,通过调节因子、蛋白质和药物靶向免疫检查点等介导肿瘤免疫逃逸,以及通过非编码RNA对抗GBM细胞的耐药性,有望成为个性化治疗GBM的重要靶标,且可以作为GBM的诊断和预后标志物。本文阐述了GBM-exo的制备方法和生物学特征,及其在GBM细胞增殖、血管生成、免疫逃逸和耐药性方面的作用和分子机制,为研发诊治GBM的新策略提供参考。

Patients with glioblastoma(GBM)generally have a bad prognosis and short overall survival after being treated with surgery,chemotherapy or radiotherapy due to the histological heterogeneity,strong invasive ability and rapid postoperative recurrence of GBM.The components of GBM cell-derived exosome(GBM-exo)can regulate the proliferation and migration of GBM cell via cytokines,miRNAs,DNA molecules and proteins,promote the angiogenesis via angiogenic proteins and non-coding RNAs,mediate tumor immune evasion by targeting immune checkpoints with regulatory factors,proteins and drugs,and reduce drug resistance of GBM cells through non-coding RNAs.GBM-exo is expected to be an important target for the personalized treatment of GBM and a marker for diagnosis and prognosis of this kind of disease.This review summarizes the preparation methods,biological characteristics,functions and molecular mechanisms of GBM-exo on cell proliferation,angiogenesis,immune evasion and drug resistance of GBM to facilitate developing new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GBM.