促进农民工返乡创业:历史方位与实现路径

Promoting Migrant Workers to Return Home for Entrepreneur⁃ship:Historical Orientation and Realization Path

促进农民工返乡创业,是加快发展农村经济、培育农村发展新动能的重要路径。在系统分析促进农民工返乡创业内在价值与理论逻辑的基础上,通过梳理农民工返乡创业的演变趋势,明确了其发展现状与主要特征;基于实际发展状况,分析了促进农民工返乡创业的现实基础与问题挑战,并提出了今后一个时期的实现路径和政策构想。研究发现,当前我国农民工返乡创业表现出创业人数增加、发展模式多元化、创业规模较小等特征。党的十八大以来,我国农村创业政策持续完善、创业载体日趋强化、创业环境不断改善,但是农民工返乡创业的发展潜力仍然不足且面临较大风险,创业支持政策仍有优化空间。返乡创业重点任务是进一步完善顶层设计、保障创业要素供给、完善相关配套服务、深化“放管服”改革,进而激发农民工返乡创业活力。对此,提出构建多元主体参与机制、制定差异化创业支持政策、充分发挥创业典型示范带动作用等方面的政策建议。

Promoting migrant workers to return home for entrepreneurship is an important way to accelerate the development of rural economy and cultivate new drivers of rural development.On the basis of systematic analysis of the intrinsic value and theoretical logic of promoting migrant workers to return home for entrepreneurship,the development status and main characteristics are clarified by sorting out the evolution trend of migrant workers’returning home for entrepreneurship.Based on the actual development situation,the paper analyzes the real foundation and challenges of promoting migrant workers to return home for entrepreneurship,and puts forward the realization path and policy ideas for the future.The results show that the number of migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship in China is characterized by an increasing number of entrepreneurs,diversified development patterns,and small business scale.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the policy framework for rural entrepreneurship has been steadily improved,the entrepreneurial carrier has been increasingly strengthened,and the entrepreneurial environment has been continuously ameliorated.However,the development potential of migrant workers to return home for entrepreneurship remains insufficient and faces greater risks,and there is still room for improvement in entrepreneurial support policies.It is suggested to further improve the top-level design,ensure the supply of entrepreneurial elements,improve relevant supporting services,and deepen the reform of“streamline the government,delegate power,and improve government services”,so as to stimulate the vitality of migrant workers to return home for entrepreneurship.In this regard,it proposes policy recommendations on building a multi-agent participation mechanism,formulating differentiated entrepreneurship support policies,and fully leveraging the exemplary role of entrepreneurship.