正式制度、非正式制度与养殖户粪污资源化利用行为——基于NCA与QCA的复合研究

Formal Institutions,I nformal Institutions and Farmers’Manure Resource Utilization Behavior——Composite Research Based on NCA and QCA

基于湖南省342个生猪养殖户的调查数据,整合正式制度与非正式制度的6个前因条件,结合必要条件检验与定性比较分析两种方法,探究制度条件对养殖户粪污资源化利用行为效果的影响机制。结果表明:单个制度条件不构成养殖户粪污资源化利用高行为效果的必要条件,但描述性社会规范对提升养殖户粪污资源化利用行为效果具有重要作用;正式制度与非正式制度条件多重并发,形成驱动养殖户粪污资源化利用高行为效果的差异化条件组态,具体可分为激励诱导型、约束倒逼型和引导示范型3类,其中激励诱导型的解释性和普适性最高,且不同规模养殖户粪污资源化利用行为效果的提升路径存在差异性。由此从打好不同类型正式制度组合拳、强化粪污资源化利用外在合力、因“类”而异地实施差异化政策三个方面提出了政策建议。

Based on the survey data of 342 pig farmers in Hunan Province,this study integrates the six prerequisites of the formal institutions and the informal institutions,and combines the two emerging methods of NCA and QCA to explore the influence mechanism of institutional conditions on the behavior effect of manure resource utilization of farmers.The results show that a single institutional condition does not constitute a necessary condition for the high behavioral effect of the manure resource utilization of the farmers,but the descriptive social norms play an important role in improving the behavior effect of the manure resource utilization of the farmers.The conditions of formal institutions and informal institutions are multiple and concurrent,forming a differentiated condition configuration that drives the high behavioral effect of manure resource utilization of farmers.This can be divided into three categories:incentive induction type,constraint backward forcing type and guidance demonstration type,of which the explanatory and universal applicability of incentive induction type is the highest,and there are differences in the improvement path of the behavior effect of manure resource utilization of farmers of different sizes.It also puts forward policy recommendations from three aspects:combining different types of formal institutions,strengthening the external force of manure resource utilization,and implementing differentiated policies according to scale differences.