中国农民家庭现代化的“谱系式”转型及其实践

The“Genealogical”Transformation and Practice of Modernization in Chinese Rural Households

传统到现代是重要的历史发展轴线,家庭作为社会最基本的单元,深受社会转型的影响。中国地域广阔,不同区域差异化的经济发展状况、文化基础等型塑了差异化家庭实践样态,是研究家庭转型的重要土壤。深入到家庭转型实践之中,可以发现,当前农民家庭多种样态并存,形成复杂的家庭实践。本文构建“传统-现代”模型,以家庭资源禀赋和文化伦理基础作为基本维度,将家庭分为强禀赋-伦理型、弱禀赋-伦理型、弱禀赋-情感型、强禀赋-情感型四种类型,形成父代权威型、父代挤压型、生活情感型、互动合作型四种转型期家庭样态。研究发现,农民家庭转型并非单因素影响的结果,而是家庭资源禀赋强度与文化伦理转型程度的综合产物,进而导致当前农民家庭呈连续的“谱系式”现代化转型样态。

From tradition to modernity is an important axis of historical development.As the most basic unit of society,the family is deeply affected by social transformation.With its vast territory,the dif‐ferentiated economic development and cultural foundations in different regions of China have shaped the patterns of differentiated family practices,providing an important soils for studying family transforma‐tion.By delving into the practice of family transformation,it can be found that various forms of rural household coexist at present,forming complex family practices.This paper constructs a“traditional-modern”model,taking family resource endowment and cultural and ethical basis as the basic dimen‐sions,and divides families into four types:strong endowment-ethical,weak endowment-ethical,weak endowment-emotional,and strong endowment-emotional.In this regard,four types of transitional fami‐lies are formed,namely,parental-authority type,parental-suppressing type,life-emotion type,and the interactive-cooperation type.The results show that the transformation of rural households is not the re‐sult of single-factor influence,but the comprehensive product of the intensity of family resource endow‐ments and the degree of cultural and ethical transformation,which in turn leads to the current continuous“genealogical”modernization and transformation of rural households.