大城市郊区化的“飞地模式”:基于武汉—利川季节性人口流动现象的分析

The“Enclave Model”of Urban Suburbanization:Analysis on Seasonal Population Movement Between Wuhan and Lichuan

大城武汉与小城利川之间大规模、季节性人口规律性流动的现象表明,受较高土地价格、承接低端产业转移、管理水平相对较低等因素的影响,中国的城市外围往往被规划为城市的预留发展区域,没有成为城市中产阶层郊区化、逆城市化的首选区域。而远离城市、环境宜居的偏远小城却成为了城市中产阶层追求更加从容舒适的生活空间与生活方式的实质性“郊区”,从而形成了具有中国特色郊区化的“飞地模式”。郊区化的“飞地模式”实践是市民能动地追寻他们理想中的“郊区”所作的变通,是被抑制的郊区化需求的变相满足。在中国城市化进程放缓、经济发展转入中速发展的背景下,充分尊重并多元化满足城市中产阶层的郊区化需求,将郊区化、逆城市化战略提上议事日程,是中国未来经济社会发展的重要方向。

The phenomenon of large-scale seasonal population movement between Wuhan and Li‐chuan indicates that peripheral areas of cities in China are often designated as reserved development zones due to factors such as higher land prices,the transfer of low-end industries,and relatively lower lev‐els of management.And these areas are not the first choice of suburbanization and counter-urbanization for urban middle class.Instead,remote towns that are far away from cities and have a livable environment have become the substantive“suburbs”for the urban middle class to pursue more comfortable and relax‐ing living space and lifestyle,thus forming the“enclave model”of suburbanization with Chinese charac‐teristics.The practice of“enclave model”of suburbanization is a compromise made by citizens to actively seek for their ideal“suburb”,while satisfying their suppressed demand for suburbanization.As the urban‐ization process in China slow down and the growth of economic development becomes moderate,it is im‐portant to fully respect and diversify the demands for suburbanization of the urban middle class and put suburbanization and counter-urbanization strategies on the agenda for China’s future economic and social development.