“娘子军”是如何炼成的?--论城市女性社区工作者的身份形塑机制

How Was the“Women's Detachment”Refined?--On the Identity Shaping Mechanism of Urban Female Community Workers in China

中国社区治理具有浓重的女性主义底色。经历史回溯和田野调查可发现,由女性“唱主角”的社区工作者是由传统与现代,国家、社区与市场多股“力场”互相叠加、彼此强化而成的时代“协奏曲”。国家的话语合法化和组织合法化扮演了“总设计师”的角色,市场改革大潮下女性劳动力就业转移、新兴职业形态勃发和家庭结构变迁“三部曲”充当了“催化剂”角色,社区公共事务的行政性、服务性和自治性等综合体功能则承担了“孵化器”角色,最终铸就了一支活跃于基层社会治理场域中的“娘子军”。

Community governance possesses a strong feminist background in China.Through the perspective of historical retrospection and realistic investigation,it is found that women play a mainly role in community work in China owing to the“concerto”of the times,which is composed of traditional and modern forces,as well as multiple“forces”of the state,community,and market that complement and reinforce each other.The“legalization of discourse”and“legalization of organization”of the state play the role of“chief designer”;under the tide of market reform,the“trilogy”including the employment transfer of female labor,the booming of new occupation forms and the change of family structure in the market play the role of“catalyst”;the complex functions of community public affairs,such as ad⁃ministration,service and autonomy,play the role of“incubator”.In the end,a“Women's Detachment”in the grass-roots community governance scene was actively created.