新编历史剧创作对传统史剧观的突破

New Historical Drama Creation As A Breakthrough in the Traditional View of Historical Drama

传统史剧观遵循“历史真实”和“古为今用”两大原则,在历史剧创作中影响深远。“历史真实”原则束缚了创作主体的发挥,造成创作手法的单一。“古为今用”原则导致历史剧创作的主题内涵比较狭隘,限制历史剧艺术的发展。20世纪80年代以来,传统史剧观的“古为今用”原则在表现知识分子复杂内心世界中被成功突围,作家的主体意识在系列新编历史文人史剧中彰显出来,历史剧创作主题向文化、人性、审美多维度展开。郭启宏的“传神史剧论”与大量表现复杂人性的历史剧突破了传统史剧观下人物塑造的“二元对立”模式,使人物形象走向复杂人性的刻画与深层心理的挖掘。罗怀臻的新史剧观认为,历史的虚构和假设也可以作为历史剧创作的素材和依托,由此开辟寓言史剧创作的新路径。

The traditional view of historical drama follows the two principles of“historical authenticity”and“making the past serve the present”,which have far-reaching impact in the creation of historical drama.The principle of“historical authenticity”restricts the exertion of the creativity of the subject,leading to the lacking of creative techniques.The principle of“making the past serve the present”leads to a narrow theme in the creation of historical dramas,which limits the development of the art in historical dramas.Since the 1980s,the principle of“making the past serve the present”in the traditional view of historical drama has been successfully broken through in the complex inner world of intellectuals.Therefore,the subjective consciousness of writers has been highlighted in a series of newly edited historical dramas,and the theme of historical drama has been expanded to multiple dimensions such as culture,humanity,and aesthetics.Guo Qihong\s“theory of vivid historical drama”and a large number of historical dramas that express complex human nature have broken through the“dual opposition”pattern of character portrayal which is under the traditional historical drama.More attention has been paid to the depiction on complex human nature and mind in the portrayal of character images.Luo Huaizhen\s concept of new historical drama believes that historical fiction and assumptions can also be used as material for the creation of historical dramas,thereby opening a new path for the creation of fable historical dramas.