窑业区系说:中国陶瓷史研究“空间转向”的考古学视角

Theory of Kiln Industrial typology:the Archaeological Perspective of the“Spatial Turn”in the Study of Chinese Ceramic History

器物形态类型学和地层学说是考古学区系类型理论的两大方法论基石,也是20世纪50年代以降逐渐兴起的中国陶瓷考古研究的主要理论基础。在中国陶瓷考古研究史上,线性的分期研究是中国陶瓷史研究的主流,伴生着陶瓷史的纵向性研究,从生产和市场视角的陶瓷空间及其变化的横向研究,一起构成中国陶瓷考古研究的两个主要学术使命。以权奎山、任世龙、秦大树为代表的中国陶瓷考古学者在窑址考古发掘的基础上,走出单一的“时代”“性质”“工艺”的线性时间研究,不断完善和发展着窑业区系类型说,推动中国陶瓷史研究的“空间转向”或“地理学转向”,极大丰富和提升了中国陶瓷史的理论化水平,从更多元的视角多向度观察和还原古代中国窑业发展的历史原貌。

Object morphological typology and stratigraphic theory are the two cornerstones of methodology in the theory of archaeological typology,they are also the main theoretical basis of Chinese ceramic archaeological research that has gradually emerged since the 1950s.In the history of Chinese ceramic archaeology research,linear periodization studies is the mainstream,accompanied by vertical study of ceramic history,and horizontal study of the ceramic space and its changes from the perspectives of production and market,all forming the two main academic missions of Chinese ceramic archaeology research.Chinese ceramic archaeologists,represented by Quan Kuishan,Ren Shilong,and Qin Dashu,based on the archaeological excavation of kiln sites,stepped out of a single linear time study of“age”,“nature”,and“craft”,continuously refining and developing the theory of ceramic kiln industrial typology,promoting the spatial turn or geographical turn in the study of Chinese ceramic history,greatly enriching and enhancing the theoretical level of Chinese ceramic history,and observing and restoring the historical original appearance of ancient Chinese kiln industry development from multiple perspectives and multiple dimensions.