绿孔雀在中国的现状及保护策略

Status and Conservation Strategy of Green Peafowl(Pavo muticus)in China

绿孔雀曾分布于中国南方多个省份,由于人类活动等因素的影响,绿孔雀分布区不断退缩,野生种群数量持续下降。目前绿孔雀在中国仅见于云南省,呈斑块化分布,数量约500只,已变得罕见。根据相关资料,从绿孔雀生物学特性、野生种群数量、分布区现状、种群结构和种群隔离几方面分析中国绿孔雀面临的灭绝风险,在就地保护的前提下,重点探讨易地保护策略。提出人工繁育,建立纯绿孔雀人工种群用于开展野外放归,逐步扩大绿孔雀分布区,增加野生种群数量,降低灭绝风险等保护策略。

Green peafowl(Pavo muticus)was once distributed in many provinces of southern China.Due to the influence of human activities,the distribution range of green peafowl continued to shrink,and the number of wild populations continued to decline.At present,green peafowl was only found in Yunnan Province in China and were distributed in patches.And the number of population was about 500,which had become very rare.According to relevant data,the current status and extinction risk of green peafowl were analyzed in China from biological characteristics,wild population quantity,distribution status,population structure and population isolation,and the strategy of ex situ conservation was discussed under the premise of in-situ conservation.Through artificial breeding,the establishment of pure green peafowl captive population for reintroduction was an important measure to gradually expand the distribution area of green peafowl,increase the number of wild population and reduce the risk of extinction.