西双版纳勐满印度野牛生境利用初探

Habitat Utilization of Bos gaurus in Mengman of Xishuangbanna

印度野牛是一种濒危的大型哺乳动物,其全球种群在过去的100年内发生了显著的下降,分布区也发生了剧烈的缩减。在中国,云南西双版纳是印度野牛现存种群的主要分布区。由于历史上遭受过较强的捕猎和栖息地破坏,该物种保护面临严峻危机。为了解该地印度野牛的生境利用特征,为该种群的保护提供一定依据,2014年7月—2015年11月,对西双版纳勐满地区的一个印度野牛群体开展了野外监测,通过收集到的野牛群位点统计了其家域面积,分析了海拔、植被和地形对其生境利用的影响。结果显示,该地区的印度野牛利用的家域面积为10~20 km2,利用的海拔范围为1 299~1 848 m,偏好森林覆盖率高且平坦的区域,在迁移时可能会利用平坦但森林覆盖率较低的区域。

Bos gaurus is an endangered large mammal,and its population has experienced a significant decline in the past 100 years,with a significant reduction in distribution area.Xishuangbanna of Yunnan is the main distribution area for the existing population of Bos gaurus,which is facing a severe conservation crisis due to strong hunting and habitat destruction pressure in history.In order to understand the habitat utilization characteristics of Bos gaurus in Xishuangbanna and provide scientific suggestions for its conservation,field monitoring was conducted on Bos gaurus population in the Mengman area of Xishuangbanna from July 2014 to November 2015.The collected population sites were used to calculate their household area and analyze the impact of altitude,vegetation,and terrain on their habitat utilization.The results showed that Bos gaurus in Mengman region utilized a household area of 10-20 km 2 and an altitude range of 1299-1848 m,and preferred areas with high and flat forest coverage,and may use flat but low forest coverage areas during migration.