互助养老:积极应对农村人口老龄化的中国经验

Mutual Assistance for the Elderly:China's Experience in Actively Coping with the Aging of Rural Population

在我国农村人口老龄化形势日益严峻、传统家庭养老模式式微的背景下,农村互助养老因其独特优势,重要性日益凸显。依据组织化程度,可以把目前的农村互助养老划分为多种实践类型,其本质是村社养老的一种实现方式。发展农村互助养老能够有效应对农村养老困境,满足农村老年人的养老需求,其核心经验包括:组织农村老人、植根熟人社会和链接外部资源。基于三地经验,文章提出以下政策建议:一是重视对各地互助养老组织经验的总结和推广,引导广大农村建立可持续的组织机制;二是发掘并动员低龄老人中的积极分子,发挥其组织中坚作用;三是为农村互助养老组织提供必要的奖励性资源支持,发挥导向作用。

In the context of the increasingly severe situation of rural population aging in China and the decline of traditional family pension models,the importance of mutual assistance in rural areas has become increasingly prominent due to its unique advantages.According to the degree of organization,the current rural mutual assistance elderly care can be divided into various practical types,whose essence is a realization method of rural community elderly care.Developing rural mutual assistance for elderly care can effectively address the plight of rural elderly care and meet the elderly care needs of rural elderly people.Its core experience includes organizing rural elderly people,taking root in the society of acquaintances,and linking external resources.Based on the experience of the three regions,this article proposes the following policy recommendations:First,attach importance to the summary and promotion of the experience of mutual aid pension organizations in various regions,and guide the vast rural areas to establish sustainable organizational mechanisms;The second is to explore and mobilize the active elements among the young elderly,and play their role as the backbone of the organization;Third,provide necessary incentive resource support for rural mutual assistance elderly care organizations,and play a guiding role.