古典规则的替换:博法尔的“建筑个性论”探

The Substitution of Classical Rules:Boffrand's"Theory of Architectural Individuality"

本文分析了18世纪法国建筑思想的一次重大转折:建筑个性论。在法国建筑师佩罗提出关于建筑比例的新理论,并扭转了自古典建筑维特鲁威以来对建筑设计理论的权威指导地位后,深受启发的建筑师博法尔发表了建筑必须反映自身功能与性格的建筑个性论,对建筑形体象征性的探索由此拉开帷幕。在建筑个性论的影响下,建筑理论从追求古典的“理性”开始转向表达自我的“感性”。建筑个性论不仅为之后席卷欧洲的“革命性建筑”思潮做了概念性的准备,其本身也代表着建筑理论开始从古典向现代性过渡的关键转折。

This paper analyzes a major turning point in French architectural thought in the eighteenth century:the theory of architectural individuality.After Perrault,the French architect,put forward a new theory on architectural proportion and reversed the authoritative guiding position of architectural design theory since Vitruvius,the deeply inspired architect Boffrand therefore put forward the theory of architectural individuality that architecture must reflect its own function and character,thus starting the exploration of architectural form symbolization.Under the influence of architectural individuality theory,architectural theory has changed from pursuing classical"rationality"to expressing self"sensibility".The theory of architectural individuality not only made conceptual preparations for the trend of"revolutionary architecture"that swept Europe later,but also represented the critical transition of architectural theory from classical to modern.