城市新区绿色基础设施网络优化——基于景观格局和形态空间格局分析

Optimization of Green Infrastructure Network in New Urban Areas Based on Landscape Pattern and Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis

绿色基础设施(GI)作为城市建设的重要组成部分,对于提高景观连通性、优化生态网络、维护区域生态安全起到重要作用。文章以国家级新区——西安市西咸新区沣东新城为研究对象,运用景观格局指数、形态空间格局分析、最小累积阻力模型等方法,对研究区2010—2020年的景观格局变化进行评价分析,并科学识别生态源地,构建源地间的生态廊道,提出沣东新城GI网络格局的优化策略。结果表明,沣东新城的生态环境在10年间不断恶化:景观格局破碎化严重;核心生态源地分布不均匀,重要和一般生态源地分布分散;现有连接廊道连通性差,未形成完整的网络连接,不利于生态系统服务功能的发挥。针对问题,在研究区内增补13个生态源地、44个小场地以及56条连接廊道,优化GI网络,提高其完整性,为高度破碎化的城市新区GI网络修复和优化提供借鉴。

As an important component of urban development,green infrastructure(GI)plays an important role in improving landscape connectivity,optimizing ecological network and maintaining regional ecological security.Taking Fengdong New Town in Xixian New District,a national-level new district,as the study area,this paper evaluates and analyzes its changes in landscape pattern in 2010,2015 and 2020 by using landscape pattern index,Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis and Minimal Cumulative Resistance model,identifies the ecological sources and constructs ecological corridors between the sources for proposing the strategy for optimizing the GI network pattern in Fengdong New Town.The results show that the ecological environment in Fengdong New Town has been deteriorating in the past 10 years,including the seriously fragmented landscape pattern,the uneven distribution of core ecological sources represented by the scattered distribution of important and general ecological sources,the poor connectivity of existing connecting corridors and a lack of complete connection network.All of them have the adverse impact on giving play to ecosystem service functions.In view of the above problems,it is proposed to add 13 ecological sources,44 small sites and 56 connecting corridors in the study area to optimize the GI network and improve its integrity,which can provide a reference for the restoration and optimization of the highly fragmented GI network in the new urban area.