“互斥原则”提升孤独症谱系障碍儿童词语习得效果实证研究

An empirical study of the enhancing effects of the"mutual exclusivity"on vocabulary acquisition in children with autism spectrum disorders

目的比较孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童在“互斥原则(mutual exclusivity)”和“直接重复”两种不同策略下词语习得的效果差异。方法招募37例ASD儿童,年龄45~83个月,平均年龄(60.83±9.87)个月。随机分为两组学习新词,一组(n=18)采用“互斥原则”策略,另一组(n=19)采用“直接重复”策略进行,干预后行5 min手指操任务,然后即时评估儿童词语习得的效果。结果干预前后,两组正确回忆的新词数量均有提升(P<0.001),互斥原则组习得新词(2.92±1.49)个,直接重复组习得新词(1.35±0.99)个,干预后互斥原则组习得的新词数量大于直接重复组(P<0.001)。结论与“直接重复”的干预策略相比,“互斥原则”策略下ASD儿童习得新词的数量更多,“互斥原则”策略能提升ASD儿童的词语习得效果。

Objective To compare the effect of vocabulary learning on autism spectrum disorder(ASD)children under two different strategies:mutual exclusivity and direct repetition.Methods The study included thirty-seven children with ASD,aged 45 to 83 months,with an average age of 60.83±9.87 months.They were randomly divided into two groups to learn new words.One group adopted the"mutually exclusive"strategy,and the other group adopted the"direct repetition"strategy to record the achievement of children's word acquisition.Results The number of new words correctly recalled was increased in both groups after intervention(P<0.001).The number of new words acquired was 2.92±1.49 in the mutually exclusive group and 1.35±0.99 in the direct repetition group,respectively.The number of new words acquired by the mutual exclusion group was greater than that of the direct repetition group(P<0.001).Conclusion Compared with the intervention strategy of"direct repetition",the number of new words acquired by children with ASD under the"mutual exclusion"strategy is higher,and the use of"mutual exclusion"strategy can improve the efficiency of word acquisition in children with ASD.