鄂尔多斯地区儿童呼吸道感染病原体流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Pathogens in Children with Respiratory Tract Infection in Ordos Area

目的:分析鄂尔多斯地区儿童呼吸道感染的病原流行特征、规律及临床特点。方法:选取2014年11月—2021年2月内蒙古鄂尔多斯市中心医院收治的3175例急性呼吸道感染(ARI)患儿作为研究对象,采用间接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道感染患儿的血清中11种呼吸道病原体早期特异性抗体免疫球蛋白M(IgM),并对所得病原学检测结果进行统计和分析。结果:3175例儿童呼吸道感染患者中,11种抗体检测阳性率为48.1%。病原构成前3位为甲、乙型流感病毒(19.2%、7.9%),肺炎支原体(9%)。11种病原体抗体检测阳性率在不同季节、年龄、性别的分布,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:鄂尔多斯地区儿童呼吸道感染以流感病毒、肺炎支原体为主,学龄前期及学龄期儿童感染率较高,有季节差异,女童较男童易感。

Objective:To analyze the pathogenic epidemiological characteristics,regularity and clinical characteristics of children with respiratory tract infection in the Ordos area.Methods:A total of 3175 children with acute respiratory tract infection(ARI)admitted to Ordos Central Hospital from November 2014 to February 2021 were selected as the study subjects.Indirect immunofluorescence method was applied to detect immunoglobulin M(IgM),an early specific antibody of 11 respiratory pathogens in the serum of children with respiratory tract infection,and the obtained pathogenic detection results were statistically analyzed.Results:Among the 3175 children with respiratory tract infection,the positive rate of 11 antibody tests was 48.1%.The top three pathogens were influenza A and B viruses(19.2%and 7.9%)and Mycoplasma pneumoniae(9%).There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of antibody detection of 11 pathogens in different seasons,ages and genders,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:Influenza virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are the main respiratory tract infections among children in Ordos area,the infection rates of the preschool and school-age children are very high,with seasonal differences,and girls are more susceptible than boys.