西藏低产低效茶园改造主要技术措施及建议

Main Technical Measures and Suggestions for the Transformation of Low Yield and Low Efficiency Tea Gardens in Tibet

随着社会的进步和发展,人民群众对茶产品的需求日益增加。近几年来,西藏自治区各级党委、政府和农业部门加大了对茶产业的资金、物资和科技等方面的投入力度,茶产业迅速发展起来,取得了一定的社会和经济效益,但也存在不少问题。一是老茶园普遍存在树龄过长、树势衰弱、品种退化等问题,其生产能力下降,茶叶产量逐年下降;二是新栽植茶园选地不合理、种植技术不规范、采摘不标准、土壤养分不足、水土流失严重、缺株断行较多、群体结构不合理,出现树势未老先衰的现象;三是受特殊气候条件限制、科技支撑能力不足、茶园管理不到位等因素影响,形成低产茶园。该研究就西藏低产低效茶园改造工作提出总体思路,具体为:以推进茶树改植换种、推进茶园种植条件改良、推进机械化生产、化肥减量增效、农药减量增效、推进生态调控、提升管理水平等为主的主要技术措施,期望能指导各新老茶园改造提升,促进茶园增产增效和茶农增收,实现西藏茶产业高质量发展。

With the progress and development of Tibetan society,the people's demand for tea products is increasing.In recent years,the Party committees,governments and agricultural departments at all levels in Tibet have increased their investment in the tea industry in terms of capital,materials,science and technology.The tea industry has developed rapidly and achieved certain social and economic benefits.However,first,the old tea gardens are generally characterized by long tree age,weak tree vigor,degradation of varieties,the decline in production capacity and tea output year by year.Second,the newly planted tea gardens had unreasonable site selection,non-standard planting technology and picking,insufficient soil nutrients and serious water and soil loss.Addition,the number of missing trees and broken lines was more,the population structure was unreasonable,and the tree vigor was prematurely senile.Third,low-yield tea gardens are formed due to the restriction of special climatic conditions,insufficient scientific and technological support,inadequate management of tea gardens and other reasons.This paper puts forward a general idea on the transformation of low-yield and low-efficiency tea plantations in Tibet.The specific ideas are as follows:to promote the transformation of tea plants and varieties,to promote the improvement of tea plantation planting conditions,to promote mechanized production,to reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and increase the efficiency,to promote ecological regulation,and to improve the management level.It is hoped that the main technical measures can guide the transformation and improvement of new and old tea plantations to promote the increase in production and efficiency of tea plantations,and the income of tea farmers for high-quality development of the tea industry in Tibet.