羊粪用量对北寨红杏光合特性、产量和品质的影响

Effects of fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of Beizhai red

【目的】为确定北寨红杏羊粪合理的施用量。【方法】2020—2021年在北寨红杏主产区单株杏树设置施羊粪常规施肥(CK)20 kg、10 kg、30 kg 3种处理,对红杏叶片的光合指标、养分含量、产量及品质指标进行了测定。【结果】单株施羊粪10 kg和20 kg的幼果期和硬核期叶片的SPAD值显著高于施30 kg的处理,单株施羊粪10 kg的硬核期和盛果期叶片的净光合速率(Pn)是施30 kg的2.1倍,从幼果期到盛果期Pn逐渐升高,单株施羊粪10 kg表现也最明显;施肥显著影响幼果期的气孔导度(GS),单株施羊粪10 kg叶片的胞间CO 2浓度(Ci)显著高于施30 kg的处理,盛果期的蒸腾速率(Tr)单株施羊粪10 kg也显著高于CK和施30 kg的处理。单株施羊粪30 kg红杏叶片中氮素含量最高,磷含量只有幼果期单株施10 kg羊粪处理较低,钾含量单株施羊粪10 kg的显著高于CK和施30 kg的处理;施肥量对叶片中微量元素的影响随生长期的不同而有差异,B、Ca、Cu、Zn含量随生长逐渐降低,Na含量逐渐升高,而Mg的含量变化不大;施肥对红杏单株产量的影响不大,显著影响了单果质量,单株施羊粪10 kg红杏的糖度是施30 kg处理的138.1%,而单株施30 kg羊粪红杏的酸度、V-C含量显著高于施10 kg的处理,施肥对红杏果实纵横比的影响不显著。【结论】通过主成分分析对3个施肥水平进行了评价,确定单株施羊粪10 kg是现阶段北寨红杏的推荐施肥量。

[Objective]To provide data support for the rational fertilization of Beizhai red apricot,this study explored the effect of fertilization amount on the photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of red apricot through field experiments[Methods]In 2020—2021,three treatments of conventional fertilization(CK)20 kg,10 kg and 30 kg were set up in the main production area of Beizhai red apricot,and the photosynthetic index,nutrient content,yield and quality index of red apricot leaves were measured.[Results]The chlorophyll concentration(SPAD value)of leaves in the young fruit stage and hard core stage was 30 kg lower than that in the conventional fertilization and 10 kg,and there was no significant difference among the treatments in the full fruit stage.The amount of fertilization significantly affected the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of leaves at the hard core stage and full fruit stage.Pn at 10 kg of fertilization at full fruit stage was 2.1 times of that at 30 kg of fertilization.Pn gradually increased from young fruit stage to full fruit stage,and the performance of 10 kg of fertilization was also the most obvious.Fertilization significantly affected stomatal conductance(GS)in young fruit stage.The intercellular CO 2 concentration(Ci)of leaves under 10 kg of fertilization was significantly higher than that of 30 kg of fertilization,and the transpiration rate(Tr)at full fruit stage was also significantly higher than that of CK and 30 kg of fertilization.The nitrogen content in leaves was the highest under 30 kg of fertilization,and the phosphorus content was only lower under 10 kg of fertilization in young fruit stage,and the potassium content was significantly higher under 10 kg of fertilization than CK and 30 kg of fertilization;The effect of fertilizer application on the trace elements in leaves varies with the growth period.The contents of B,Ca,Cu and Zn gradually decrease with the growth,while the contents of Na gradually increase,while the contents of Mg do not change much;Fertilization has little effect on the yield per plant of red apricot,significantly affecting the weight of single fruit.The sugar content of red apricot under 10 kg of fertilization is 138.1%of that under 30 kg of fertilization,while the acidity and Vc content of red apricot under 30 kg of fertilization are significantly higher than that under 10 kg of fertilization,and the effect of fertilization on the aspect ratio of red apricot fruit is not significant.[Conclusion]The fertilization amount of the experiment was evaluated by principal component analysis.10 kg of conventional fertilization will not cause the quality and yield of Beizhai red apricot to decline.At this stage,the recommended fertilization amount is from the perspective of improving quality and efficiency and environmental protection.