结构性权力视角下的大国数字贸易规则博弈

Competition and Game in Digital Trade Rulemaking of Great Powers:in the Perspective of Structural Power

数字贸易规则制定已经成为国际社会聚焦的新议题。有别于传统贸易,数字贸易规则博弈中的主体更加多元化,且在不同议题上各国的话语权也各有优劣,这与数字贸易发展中的结构性权力的来源和动态变化密切相关。另外,数字技术有其自身特点,这些特点促使生产、安全、金融和知识四大结构产生了新的联动,衍生并强化了一种新的数字结构性权力。这种权力优势不仅反映在各国对数字贸易规则关键议题的立场中,而且体现在一国如何选择多边/区域贸易协定以推动议题的传播和共识的达成。此外,由于结构性权力的外溢效应,数字贸易规则博弈呈现与地缘政治竞争相结合的趋势,推动了国际经贸问题政治化,使全球数字贸易治理难以建立统一规制,并出现更多的选择和发展可能性,这将推动形成新的国际经贸秩序。

Digital trade rulemaking has become a new issue for international politics and economy.Unlike the traditional trade,the subjects in the game of digital trade rules are more diversified,and different issues shows different discourse power advantages,which is closely related to the sources and dynamics of structural power under the development of digital trade.However,technology’s own qualities have generated new connections and interactions in the four structures(production,security,finance,and knowledge),thus deriving a kind of"digital structural power.”It is not only prominently reflected in the positions on key rulemaking issues,but in how a country chooses multilateral/regional trade agreements to facilitate consensus building.In addition,due to the spillover effect of structural power,the competition for digital trade rulemaking has begun to combine with geopolitical competition,promoting the politicization of international trade and economic issues,making it difficult to establish uniform regulation of global digital trade,and promoting the formation of a new international trade and economic order.