运动奖赏效应及其神经生物学机制的研究进展

Progress in research on the exercise reward and the neurobiological mechanisms of exercise reward

身体活动不足已经成为当今社会的公共卫生问题。深入理解运动的奖赏效应及其可能的神经生物学机制,将为改善身体活动不足提供科学有效的干预靶点。本文指出运动是一种典型的自然奖赏行为。大脑奖赏相关的腹侧背盖区-伏隔核的多巴胺能神经环路、前额叶皮质-伏隔核的谷氨酸能神经投射、红核-腹侧背盖区的谷氨酸能神经投射是调控运动奖赏效应的关键神经环路机制。此外,多巴胺、内源性大麻素系统和内源性阿片肽等多种神经分子参与了运动奖赏效应的调控。然而,大脑奖赏系统的过度激活将会导致运动成瘾。

Physical inactivity is recently recognized as a public health problem.Understanding the exercise reward and its neurobiological mechanisms will provide intervention targets for improving physical inactivity.Physical exercise is rewarding.Multiple neural circuits such as the ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens,the prefrontal cortex-nucleus accumbens,and the red nucleus ventral tegmental area are involved in the regulation of exercise reward.In addition,dopamine,endocannabinoid system,and endogenous opioid peptides are involved in the regulation of exercise reward.However,over-activation of the brain’s reward system can lead to exercise addiction.