乡村振兴背景下高职医学生基层就业意向的调查

Investigation of higher vocational medical students'intention of grassroots employment under the background of rural revitalization

目的 调查高职医学生基层就业意向及其影响因素,为促进高校毕业生到基层就业提供参考。方法 2022年4月—5月,采用自制调查问卷,依托腾讯问卷平台对山东一所高职医学院校学生进行基层就业意向调查。采用t检验、方差分析等进行就业意向比较,logistic回归分析基层就业影响因素,多选题采用多重影响分析。结果 学生整体基层就业意向不强烈(3.30±0.97)、对基层了解程度偏低。对基层了解程度高的学生,基层就业意向相对较强(P<0.001)。不同年级学生基层就业意向不同,2019级和2021级意向较高,2020级意向较低(P<0.05)。不同性别、户籍、是否独生子女、父母文化程度、月均生活费、是否学生干部、奖学金次数的学生,基层就业意向差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。认为工作环境、薪资福利、离家远近、能力锻炼、职业发展、医患关系、亲朋指导对选择基层就业完全没有影响的学生,基层就业意向较高(P<0.05)。回归分析显示:与2021级学生(3.34±0.94)相比,2020级学生(3.13±0.97)基层就业意向较低、2019级学生(3.44±0.97)意向较高,对工作环境关注度越高基层就业意向越低(P<0.05)。多重影响分析显示,基层就业促进因素包括离家比较近、基层优惠政策较好、职业发展前景较好等,阻碍因素包括工资待遇低、位置偏远、基层工作不利于职业发展等。结论 学生基层就业意向整体不高,高职医学院校应与有关部门携手并进,改善基层就业不利因素,以促进学生将个人价值融入乡村振兴发展大局。

Objective To investigate the grassroots employment intention of higher vocational medical students and its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for promoting the grassroots employment of college graduates.Methods From April to May 2022,a self-made online questionnaire was used to investigate the grassroots employment intention of students in a higher vocational medical college in Shandong Province.T-test and variance analysis were used to compare the employment intentions,binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for grassroots employment,and multiple response analysis was used for multiple choice questions.Results The overall grassroots employment intention of students was not strong(3.30±0.97),and their knowledge of grassroots health institutionswas insufficient.The higher the students'knowledge ofgrassroots health institutions,the stronger their grassroots employment intention(P<0.001).The grassroots employment intention of students differed in grade,with higher intention amonggrade 2019 and 2021 students,and lower intention amon-ggrade 2020 students(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in grassroots employment intention among students who had different genders and registered residence,who were the only child in the family or not,whose parents had different educational background,who differed in average monthly living expenses,who were student cadres or not,and who obtained various number of scholarships(P>0.05).The students who thought that the working environment,salary and welfare,distance from home,ability training,career development,doctor-patient relationship,and family member and friend guidance had no effect on the choice of grassroots employment had higher grassroots employment intention(P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis results showed that compared with grade 2021 students,grade 2020 students'grassroots employment intention was lower,while grade 2019 students'grassroots employment intention was higher[(3.34±0.94)vs.(3.13±0.97)vs.(3.44±0.97)]The greater their attention to the work environment,the lower their grassroots employment intention(P<0.05).Multiple response analysis results showed that the promotion factors for grassroots employment included closeness to home,good preferential policies at the grassroots level,good career development prospects,and the obstacles included low salary,remote location,and grassroots work disadvantageous to career development.Conclusions Students'employment intention at the grassroots level is not high as a whole.Higher vocational medical colleges should work hand in hand with relevant departments to improve the adverse factors for grassroots employment,so as to encourage students to integrate their personal values into the rural revitalization and development.