山东两县农村居民健康认知质性研究

A qualitative study on health perceptions of rural residents in two counties of Shandong Province

目的 调查分析山东省两个县的农村居民对常见疾病和健康影响因素的认知;评价其认知状况,找出存在的误区。方法 采用焦点小组讨论(Focus Group Discussion, FGD)和打分法,选取山东省菏泽市的单县和潍坊市的昌乐县作为研究现场,一共开展24组FGD,131位农村居民参与,129位农村居民参与了健康影响因素的重要性打分。结果 参与研究的山东两县农村居民对常见疾病及其病因有一定的科学认知,对影响健康的因素有着较广泛的认知,但也存在认知误区;女性居民对抽烟喝酒等健康危害因素的认知高于男性;两县居民对十大类健康影响因素(生活方式、预防保健服务、社会保障、就业收入、村庄安全、生活环境、工作环境、生态环境、学校教育、领导与治理)的认可度较高。结论 山东两县的农村居民对常见疾病及其病因和健康影响因素有一定的科学认知,但其认知不全面、存在误区并具有性别差异。但农村居民对本研究中的十大类健康影响因素高度认可,提示农村地区健康教育和健康促进工作的开展可以从广泛的健康影响因素入手,以取得更好的效果。

Objective To explore and analyze the perceptions of common diseases and health influencing factors among rural residents in two counties of Shandong Province,to evaluate their perceptions of disease and health influencing factors and to find out their misunderstandings.Methods Using Focus Group Discussion(FGD)and scoring methods,the researchers selected Shanxian County of Heze City and Changle County of Weifang City in Shandong Province as study sites,and conducted a total of 24 FGD with 131 rural residents.A total of 129 rural residents participated in the importance scoring of health influencing factors.Results The rural residents of the two counties in Shandong Province who participated in the study had certain scientific perceptions of common diseases and their causes,and they had much knowledge about health influencing factors,but their knowledge still contained some misconception.Female residents had better awareness of health hazard factors such as smoking and drinking than male residents did.Rural residents participating in the study had a high recognition of the 10 health influencing factors,which were lifestyle,preventive health care services,social security,employment income,village safety,living environment,working environment,ecological environment,school education,leadership and governance.Conclusions The rural residents in two counties of Shandong Province have certain scientific perceptions of common diseases,the causes of those diseases and health influencing factors,but their perceptions are not comprehensive,sometimes incorrect and there is gender difference.However,those rural residents highly recognize the 10 health influencing factors mentioned in this study,suggesting that health education and health promotion in rural areas can start from the health influencing factors so as to achieve better effects.