仿秦岭箭竹叶微纳结构疏冰蒙皮

Anti‑icing Skin with Micro‑nano Structure Inspired by Fargesia Qinlingensis

飞机结冰极大威胁飞行安全,严重时导致机毁人亡。适应恶劣寒冷环境的飞机防除冰技术是国际难题,也是中国多型飞机研制必须突破的重大技术瓶颈。本文首次提出一种仿生疏冰雪对象——秦岭箭竹,建立仿秦岭箭竹叶多层不等高微纳结构,揭示了这种独特结构对过冷微小水滴形成弹跳,滚动成冰及滑落的疏冰机制;提出一种基于分层组装的柔性大幅面微纳结构制备方法,实现仿秦岭箭竹叶疏冰结构制备;获得的仿秦岭箭竹叶疏冰表面相较于同材料光滑表面冰粘附强度降低80%,表明秦岭箭竹叶微纳结构具有优异的疏冰效果。结合实际工程应用,研制基于功率密度分区的仿生与电热相结合的疏冰复合蒙皮,据此获得的疏冰复合蒙皮成功完成中小型无人机防除冰功能飞行,并且已成功列装某型号高原型无人机,满足了高寒条件下的有效防除冰飞行要求。仿秦岭箭竹叶疏冰蒙皮也在大型运输机、直升机,以及风力发电、高速列车等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

Aircraft icing has a significant impact on flight safety,as ice accumulation on airfoils and engines can cause aircraft stalls.Developing anti-icing technology that can adapt to harsh and cold environment presents a challenge.Here,we propose a new anti-icing skin with micro-nano structure inspired by the bamboo leaf called Fargesia qinlingensis.A multilayer non-uniform height(MNH)micro-nano structure is proposed based on the Fargesia qinlingensis surface structure.The anti-icing mechanism of the MNH micro-nano structure is revealed.The flexible large-area MNH micro-nano structure is fabricated based on hierarchical assembly method.Compared with the smooth surface,the ice adhesion strength of the prepared bio-inspired surface is reduced by 80%,indicating that the MNH micro-nano structure inspired by Fargesia qinlingensis has ice-phobic effect.Based on this,an anti-icing hybrid skin based on bionics and electric heating is developed.The anti-icing hybrid skin has successfully completed the anti-icing function flight test on the UAV.To realize the effective anti-icing function under super cold conditions,the anti-icing hybrid skin has been applied on a certain type of UAVs.The bio-inspired anti-icing skin has broad application prospects in large transport aircraft,helicopters,wind power generation,and high-speed trains.