明末清初儒学化功过格的教化作用--以陈锡嘏《汇纂功过格》为例

The Social Educational Function of Confucian Ledgers of Merit and Demerit in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties:A Case Study of the Huizuan Gongguoge Compiled by Chen Xigu

功过格原本是一种道教戒律文献,以因果观、承负观、功过格相抵观等思想为主要依托,这些显然是与儒家思想背道而驰的。但在明末清初,大量儒者开始奉行、改造、并编纂功过格,形成了一批具有儒学色彩的功过格文本,陈锡嘏编纂的《汇纂功过格》便是其中最具代表性的作品之一。《汇纂功过格》中的具体条目,体现了功过格为善恶行为赋值背后蕴含的儒家思想,由此可进一步探究明清之际的儒者利用、改造功过格的历史现象,以及儒学化的功过格在明末清初所发挥的独特社会教化作用。

A"ledger of merit and demerit"(gongguoge功过格)is a kind of document that records deeds,and was used by Taoist priests as a tool for teir self-cultivation.With a conception of cause and effect,good and evil,and merit and demerit balancing each other as its main ideas,it obviously runs counter to Confucian ideas.However,in the late Ming and early Qing dynasty,a large number of Confucians began to apply,revise and compile gongguoge,forming gongguoge texts with a distinct Confucian character.Based on an analysis of the specific items in the Digest of Ledgers of Merit and Demerit(Huizuan Gongguoge汇纂功过格),this paper discusses the Confucian thought behind the gongguoge,so as to explore the historical phenomenon of Confucianism s utilization and transformation of them during the Ming and Qing dynasties,as well as their social educational function at that time.