“试听只手之声”——塞林格作品中的公案书写

“The Sound of One Hand Clapping”:On the Koan Writing in Salinger’s Works

公案是禅宗特有的一种激发禅意识、加速禅悟的教示方法。自宋代起,研习公案便成为僧徒参禅活动中的重要部分,这种以“话头”、“机缘”和“问答”为特色的言行范例既可以参悟各宗经典,又可以试探禅僧禅旨的深浅,因此备受参禅者的推崇,参究公案已蔚然成风。深受禅宗思想影响的塞林格对“公案之学”十分痴迷,他不仅在作品中直接引入公案,还将公案特有的反逻辑、生疑情、重导师等特点融入创作中,形成了鲜明的公案书写。但是,学术界对这一问题的专门分析和研究却明显不足。拈提公案既是塞林格习禅的主要手段,也是他创作思想的重要来源。从公案书写这一全新角度重释塞林格作品,不仅可以凸显其中的禅宗痕迹,还可以重估塞林格文学中救赎意义的东方价值。

Koan is a special teaching method of Zen to stimulate Zen consciousness and accelerate Zen enlightenment.Since the Song Dynasty,studying koans has become an important part of the monks’meditative activities.This kind of example of words and deeds,characterized by“topics”,“chances”and“questions and answers”,can not only teach the Buddhist scriptures,but also test the depth of the monks’understanding of Zen.Therefore,it is highly respected by Zen participants,and it has become a trend to study koans.Deeply influenced by Zen thought,Salinger was obsessed with“the study of koans”.He not only directly introduced koans into his works,but also integrated the unique characteristics of koans,such as anti-logic,the spirit of inquiry and emphasis on teachers into his works,forming a distinct koan style of writing,but the academic circles have not given enough attention to this issue.Studying koans is not only Salinger’s main means of meditation,but also an important source of his creative ideas.A new interpretation of Salinger’s works from the perspective of koan writing can highlight the traces of Zen and reassess the Oriental value of the redemptive meaning in Salinger’s writings.