覆膜和施肥对玉米大豆间作体系作物氮素吸收和产量的影响

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching and Fertilization on Crop Nitrogen Uptake and Yield in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System

探究间作下覆膜和施肥对作物产量和氮肥利用率的影响,为旱地栽培增产增效提供依据。本研究采用大田试验,设置4个处理:不覆膜不施肥(non-F+CK)、不覆膜施肥(non-F+NP)、覆膜不施肥(F+CK)和覆膜施肥(F+NP),研究覆膜和施肥对玉米、大豆地上部干物质积累、氮素吸收和产量的影响。结果表明:施肥条件下,覆膜处理玉米和大豆各时期干物质量增加了3.5%~20.3%和24.4%~132.8%,氮素吸收量增加了4.9%~51.7%和10.6%~123.9%,不覆膜条件下玉米和大豆产量分别为9785.8 kg/hm^(2)和1087.5 kg/hm^(2),覆膜后显著增产10.4%和28.6%(P<0.05);不施肥条件下,覆膜提升了播后66 d和95 d玉米和大豆的干物质量和氮素吸收量,但收获时玉米显著降低了19.3%和25.1%(P<0.05),大豆稍有降低但差异不显著,玉米产量为3102.6 kg/hm^(2),较不覆膜显著减产30.4%,覆膜对大豆产量影响不显著。覆膜不同程度地提高了玉米和大豆的氮肥利用率,其中玉米的表观回收率和农学利用率分别提高了6.9个百分点和44.6%,大豆的表观回收率提升了6.4个百分点,偏生产力和农学效率分别提高了28.7%和97.0%。综上,覆膜能够促进玉米大豆间作体系下作物的干物质积累和氮素吸收利用,显著增加产量,但前提是土壤需具有适宜的养分条件。

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of plastic film mulching on crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency under intercropping,and to provide a basis for increasing yield and efficiency of dry land cultivation.A field experiment was conducted in this study.Four treatments were set:no film mulching and no fertilization(non-F+CK),no film mulching but fertilization(non-F+NP),film mulching and no fertilization(F+CK)and film mulching and fertilization(F+NP).The effects of film mulching and fertilization on the aboveground dry matter accumulation,nitrogen uptake and yield of maize and soybean were studied.The results showed that under fertilization,at different stages,the dry matter weight of maize and soybean under film mulching treatment were increased by 3.5%-20.3%and 24.4%-132.8%respectively,and nitrogen uptake were increased by 4.9%-51.7%and 10.6%-123.9%respectively;under no film mulching,the yield of maize and soybean was 9785.8 kg/hm^(2)and 1087.5 kg/hm^(2)respectively,and after mulching,the yield was increased significantly by 10.4%and 28.6%(P<0.05),respectively.Under non fertilization,film mulching increased the dry matter weight and nitrogen uptake in maize and soybean at 66 and 95 days after sowing,however,at harvest,the dry matter weight and nitrogen uptake in maize were decreased significantly by 19.3%and 25.1%(P<0.05),while those in soybean were decreased slightly with no significant difference;the yield of maize was 3102.6 kg/hm^(2),which was significantly lower than that without film mulching by 30.4%,and the effect of film mulching on soybean yield was not significant.Film mulching increased the nitrogen use efficiency of maize and soybean in different degrees.The nitrogen apparent recovery rate and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of maize were increased by 6.9 percent point and 44.6%,respectively,and the nitrogen apparent recovery rate of soybean was increased by 6.4 percent point,the nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of soybean were increased by 28.7%and 97.0%,respectively.In summary,film mulching could promote dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake and utilization in maize-soybean intercropping system and significantly increase yield on the premise of suitable soil nutrient conditions.