miRNA在调控植物种子发育及响应非生物胁迫中的研究进展

miRNA in Regulating Seed Development and the Response to Abiotic Stress in Plant:A Review

microRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性小分子非编码RNA,它通过引导mRNA的裂解或抑制翻译调控靶基因在植物种子发育和响应非生物胁迫过程中起着关键作用。为了进一步鉴定和明确与种子发育及响应非生物胁迫相关的miRNAs功能和调控机制,归纳了植物中参与种子胚和胚乳发育调控及响应低温、盐、干旱等非生物胁迫的miRNAs类型、靶基因及功能。miRNA在进化上高度保守,其表达在生物发育过程中具有明显的组织特异性和时间特异性,但在不同植物之间又有着相似性。然而,目前miRNAs生物发生和功能的调控因子是如何在转录或转录后被调控的以及miRNAs是如何利用转录裂解和翻译抑制机制来调控其靶点的还有待进一步阐明。未来对这些问题的研究不仅能为植物种子发育和植物响应非生物胁迫机制提供新的见解,而且能为基因的转录后调控研究提供更多的思路。

microRNA(miRNA),an endogenous small non-coding RNA,regulates target genes by guiding mRNA cleavage or inhibiting translation.The role of miRNAs becomes extremely important in the regulation of plant seed development and the response to abiotic stress.In order to further identify and clarify the functions and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs related to seed development and response to abiotic stress,the types,target genes and functions of miRNAs involved in the regulation of embryo and endosperm development in plant seed and in response to abiotic stress such as low temperature,salt and drought stress were summarized.miRNAs are highly conserved in evolution,and their expression is tissue-specific and time-specific during biological development,but they also have similarities among different plants.However,it remains to be further elucidated how regulators of miRNAs biogenesis and function are regulated during or after transcription,and how miRNAs use transcriptional cleavage and translation inhibition mechanisms to regulate their targets.Future research on these issues will not only provide new insights into plant seed development and plant response to abiotic stress,but also provide more ideas for post-transcriptional regulation of genes.