植物铜胁迫响应的生理与分子机制研究进展

Physiological and Molecular Mechanism of Plants Response to Copper Stress:A Review

铜(Cu)是人体和动植物必需的金属,参与多种形态、生理和生化过程;铜是多种酶的辅因子,在光合、呼吸作用和电子传递链中起重要作用,也是防御基因的结构组成部分。为了给今后植物铜胁迫的研究提供更系统的理论参考,基于前期研究的过量铜对植物萌发、生长、光合作用和抗氧化等生理过程的不利影响的基础上,综述了铜的生物学功能;过量铜对植物生长发育的毒害;铜转运、伴侣蛋白的作用以及植物对铜胁迫的耐受机制。展望了未来的研究方向,为制定合理维持铜稳态的有效策略提供依据。

Copper(Cu)is an essential metal for human body,animals and plants,and participates in various morphological,physiological and biochemical processes.Copper is a cofactor of many enzymes and plays an important role in photosynthesis,respiration and electron transport chain.It is also a structural component of defense genes.In order to provide more systematic theoretical reference for the future study of copper stress on plants,based on the adverse effects of excessive copper on physiological processes such as plant germination,growth,photosynthesis and anti-oxidation summarized in previous studies,this paper reviews the biological functions of copper,the toxicity of excessive copper to plant growth and development,the role of copper transporters and chaperone proteins,and the tolerance mechanism of plants to copper stress.The future research direction is prospected,which provides a basis for formulating effective strategies to maintain copper homeostasis.